A mechanistic model may explain the dissimilar biological efficiency of the fungal elicitors cerato-platanin and cerato-populin

Приведены данные двухлетнего исследования по поиску эффективных препаратов для обеззараживания семян капусты от сосудистого бактериоза. Наилучший результат был получен при предпосевной обработке 0,15%-ной надуксусной кислотой. При этом биологическая эффективность составляла 94,1–97,6%, что значительно превышало соответствующий показатель в эталонном варианте – Фитолавин, ВРК, 0,2% (69,0–72,0%). Показано, что заблаговременная обработка семян НУК (за 550 суток до посева) не оказывала достоверного влияния на их лабораторную всхожесть.Presented data are the result of a two-year study aimed at identifying effective preparations for the disinfection of cabbage seeds from black rot. The best result was obtained by presowing treatment with 0.15% peracetic acid. In this case, the biological efficiency was 94.1–97.6%, which significantly exceeded the corresponding indicator in the reference variant – Phytolavin, VRK, 0.2% (69.0–72.0%). The study has not revealed any significant effect of advance treatment of seeds with peracetic acid (550 days before sowing) on their laboratory germination.

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Restriction of Access to Dark State: A New Mechanistic Model for Heteroatom-Containing AIE Systems

10.26434/chemrxiv.8275325.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yujie Tu ◽

Junkai Liu ◽

Haoke Zhang ◽

Qian Peng ◽

Jacky W. Y. Lam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Excited States ◽

Radiative Decay ◽

Molecular Design ◽

Mechanistic Model ◽

Zinc Ion ◽

Easy Access ◽

Triplet States ◽

Dark State ◽

Ion Probe ◽

Π State

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is an unusual photophysical phenomenon and provides an effective and advantageous strategy for the design of highly emissive materials in versatile applications such as sensing, imaging, and theragnosis. "Restriction of intramolecular motion" is the well-recognized working mechanism of AIE and have guided the molecular design of most AIE materials. However, it sometimes fails to be workable to some heteroatom-containing systems. Herein, in this work, we take more than one excited state into account and specify a mechanism –"restriction of access to dark state (RADS)" – to explain the AIE effect of heteroatom-containing molecules. An anthracene-based zinc ion probe named APA is chosen as the model compound, whose weak fluorescence in solution is ascribed to the easy access from the bright (π,π*) state to the closelying dark (n,π*) state caused by the strong vibronic coupling of the two excited states. By either metal complexation or aggregation, the dark state is less accessible due to the restriction of the molecular motion leading to the dark state and elevation of the dark state energy, thus the emission of the bright state is restored. RADS is found to be powerful in elucidating the photophysics of AIE materials with excited states which favor non-radiative decay, including overlap-forbidden states such as (n,π*) and CT states, spin-forbidden triplet states, which commonly exist in heteroatom-containing molecules.

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Kamelot in soybean crops of the Amur Region

сборник статей всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием "Растениеводство и луговодство" ◽

10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-31 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

T.S. Krylova T.S. ◽

◽

L.A. Dorozhkina L.A. ◽

A.N. Dubrovin A.N.

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Amur Region ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Yield Increase

The data for 2018-2019 on tests of the Kamelot herbicide for the protection of soybeans in the Amur Region are presented. The herbicide was applied before soybean germination at a rate of 4 l / ha. The biological efficiency of Camelot was 87-93%, which corresponded to the value of the standard (Frontier Optima). High efficiency of the herbicide was found out against common commeline, white mari, backyard buckwheat and chicken millet. The yield increase was equal to 6.1 c/ha.

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Influence of a chemical preparation of triazole50% cs on sowing the winter wheat against rust

International Journal on Integrated Education ◽

10.31149/ijie.v3i9.626 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

pp. 231-233

Author(s):

AliyevSh.K. ◽

TuychiyevI.U ◽

Karimov N ◽

Umaraliev.M.I

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Yellow Rust ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Chemical Preparation ◽

Seed Growth ◽

Biological Farming ◽

The Given ◽

Farming Efficiency

The article is focused on the data of the carried works on studying biological efficiency of fungi Triazole 50% on sowing the winter wheat against yellow rust as well as on the height, development and fertility of the wheat. On May 5, 2019 from 9 to 10 o’clock under the temperature 21-23 field experiments of Triazol 50% CS manufactured by the firm “Agroximstar” (Uzbekistan) were carried out on winter wheat as a protector of seeds of winter wheat of Pervitsa sort against the disease of yellow rustin the irrigated conditions in an experimental field of the Institute “Istiklal” of Andijan district of Andijan region. The aim of the given research is to study biological-farming efficiency and determination of optimal norms of preparation expenses and to study the influence of fungicide on the height and development as well as on the fertility of the wheat. The received data showed that the preparation Triazole 50% CS effected on the pathogen of yellow rust favorably and besides that it didn’t effect on seed growth and energy of growth negatively.

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The nature of metacognitive inefficiency in perceptual decision making

10.31234/osf.io/g9qzh ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Medha Shekhar ◽

Dobromir Rahnev

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Mechanistic Model ◽

Perceptual Decision Making ◽

Large Dataset ◽

Substantial Body ◽

Confidence Levels ◽

Continuous Scale ◽

Competing Models ◽

Metacognitive Ability ◽

Confidence Ratings

Humans have the metacognitive ability to judge the accuracy of their own decisions via confidence ratings. A substantial body of research has demonstrated that human metacognition is fallible but it remains unclear how metacognitive inefficiency should be incorporated into a mechanistic model of confidence generation. Here we show that, contrary to what is typically assumed, metacognitive inefficiency depends on the level of confidence. We found that, across five different datasets and four different measures of metacognition, metacognitive ability decreased with higher confidence ratings. To understand the nature of this effect, we collected a large dataset of 20 subjects completing 2,800 trials each and providing confidence ratings on a continuous scale. The results demonstrated a robustly nonlinear zROC curve with downward curvature, despite a decades-old assumption of linearity. This pattern of results was reproduced by a new mechanistic model of confidence generation, which assumes the existence of lognormally-distributed metacognitive noise. The model outperformed competing models either lacking metacognitive noise altogether or featuring Gaussian metacognitive noise. Further, the model could generate a measure of metacognitive ability which was independent of confidence levels. These findings establish an empirically-validated model of confidence generation, have significant implications about measures of metacognitive ability, and begin to reveal the underlying nature of metacognitive inefficiency.

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