Influence of physicochemical factors on water exchange in cotton leaves under the moisture deficit conditions

Presowing treatment of cotton seeds with a physical factor (low-frequency electromagnetic field - LF EMF) and a chemical compound (glycyrrhizic acid - GzA) and sowing them under conditions of optimal and limited water supply showed that different varieties of cotton, depending on their biological peculiarities and the method of seed treatment, had different parameters of water exchange in plants. The experiments were carried out in laboratory, greenhouse, lysimetric and field conditions, the indicators of the electrical resistance of leaf tissues (ERLT) of cotton plants depended on the conditions of water supply. According to this indicator, the varieties Ishonch, Gulbahor-2 and Navbahor-2 showed greater resistance to soil moisture deficiency, in comparison with the variety Tashkent-6. The plant varieties from seeds, treated with LF EMF and GzA, to a greater or lesser extent, are in the range with the lowest ERLT values, in comparison with the varieties from untreated seeds.

Effect of Presowing Treatments on Seed and Seedling Quality Attributes of an Endemic Agroforestry Tree Acacia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis (J.L. Stewart) Ali and Faruqi

Background: Acacia nilotica var. cupressiformis is an evergreen multipurpose leguminous tree species which is suitable to agroforestry purposes and mainly distributed in Western parts of Rajasthan in India particularly Pali and its adjoining areas. The species has many advantages, however the natural germination in wild is very limited due to its hard seed coat dormancy. Methods: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of presowing treatment on seed coat of A. nilotica var. cupressiformis seeds with ten treatments in Completely Randomized Block Design at ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Pali Marwar. The treatments were replicated thrice. Result: Among the treatments, maximum germination and higher values was obtained in sand paper scarification with water soaking for 12hrs (T2) followed by mechanical scarification with sand paper (T1), acid scarification (50% for 20 min) (T7) and acid scarification (98% for 10 min) (T5). Further, the present study aims to initiate the research areas for conservation and utilization of A. nilotica var. cupressiformis in Western parts of Rajasthan and other parts of India.

Productivity of oilseed flax depending on the use of pesticides and agrochemicals in the conditions of the Lower Volga region

In the course of the research, the effect of dressing oil flax seeds (varieties VNIIMK 620 and Rucheyok) with an insect-fungicidal tank mixture on the preservation of crops from diseases and a complex of phytophages (in particular, flax flea beetles), and an increase in seed yield was revealed. The presented agrotechnical and protective measures aimed at reducing the degree of infection and spread of fusarium (Fusarium lini Boll and Fusarium spp.) of the number of flax fleas (Aphthona, family Chrysomelidae). The introduction of well-grounded methods of using fertilizers contributes not only to the growth and development of crops, increasing yields and quality of seeds, but also contributes to the preservation of soil fertility. Presowing treatment of flax seeds with an insect-fungicidal tank mixture, followed by the introduction of mineral fertilizers N60P30K30 for cultivation, not only created a better protection of crops from disease and a decrease in the damage to the crop by infection in seeds, but also had a positive effect on seed yield.

Growth, development, and yield of the usual basil (ocimum basilicum L.) under different cultivation conditions

This article presents the results of research on the study of the growth, development and productivity of different forms and varieties (Ocimum basilicum L.) in different growing conditions and the content of essential oils in the aboveground mass of the plant. Presowing treatment of seeds of the studied basil samples increases their germination energy and germination capacity. Changes in the content of essential oils during plant ontogenesis and growing conditions were revealed. The greatest increase in essential oils was noted during the period of mass flowering, then their decrease is observed. The maximum amount of essential oils was found in the inflorescences (0.4-2.1%), then in the leaves (0.2-0.9%), and the smallest amount (0.05-0.1%) in the stems. The forms and varieties of purple basil are distinguished by a relatively high content of essential oil. The highest yield of leaves was formed by basil with large green leaves, which significantly exceeded all other studied varieties and samples.

Adaptation of foreign technologies of intensive cultivation of scots pine planting material in Kazakhstan

The purpose of the research was the adaptation of foreign technologies for intensive and accelerated cultivation of Scots pine planting material in Kazakhstan. Objects of research were annual seedlings of scots pine in forest nurseries of Pavlodar, Akmola, and North Kazakhstan regions. The experiments were established in 4 directions: application of dry growth regulators to soil, pre-sowing seed treatment with growth regulators, soaking seeds in stimulants and fungicide, pre-sowing watering of the soil with growth regulators. It was established that seed quality decreased significantly compared to the last year, only seeds from Pavlodar region had high indicators. Seeds from the nursery ‘Ertic Ormany’ had the highest average indicators of soil germination (58.7…67.8%). In ‘Bukhpa’, the highest germination was observed in seeds soaked with Zircon + Trichocin (3 + 2 hours). Baikal growth regulator and AridGrow slightly increased germination in the nursery of Arykbalyk branch of ‘Kokshetau’. In the forest nursery ‘Ertis Ormany’, the highest annual seedlings were obtained in variants with presowing treatment of scots pine seeds with stimulants and watering the soil with growth substances. The average height of experimental seedlings was 4.32 and 4.64 cm, respectively. The combined use of Zircon and Trichocin increased seedling growth in ‘Bukpa’ nursery to 1.42 cm, which was the highest value. It was revealed that the technologies used in neighboring countries for intensive cultivation of scots pine seedlings showed a positive effect only when using Citovit. According to other experiments, it was determined that seedlings of scots pine grown from seeds with pre-sowing treatment in Gumat+7 for 12 hours had the best growth indicators in height. Increased soil fertility through applying nitrogen, phosphorus fertilizers, soil activator AridGrow and KZ Cultury significantly accelerated growth of scots pine seedlings.