Alabio ducks, germplasms of South Kalimantan, as protein and income sources

Apart from providing food originating from meat and eggs, Alabio ducks have another important role for farmers in South Kalimantan, namely as an income source, employment source, and preservation of local genetic source. This paper aimed to study the economic profile of Alabio ducks in several types of businesses in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan. A survey method was carried out on several groups of duck farmers. In order to obtain more in-depth information, a focus group discussion (FGD) was held with key insiders in the duck industry. The results showed that the duck farming business has good prospects and can be a source of income and employment for farmers and young generations. The business of hatchery, slaughter-duck producers, hatching egg producers, and consumes-egg producers, is economically feasible. Improving bio-security and handling and managing environmental sanitation have to carry out, among others, through pens, equipment, and environmental disinfection, as well as routine vaccinations with the escort and support of local and central government. In addition, to increase the welfare and income of farmers need to introduce technological innovations that can increase farming efficiency.

Analysis of Lettuce (Lactuva Sativa L) Farming Efficiency, Jaranguda Village, Merdeka District, Karo Regency

The research aims to know the effect of factors of production on the production of lettuce farming, to determine the level of technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of the use of production factors of lettuce farming and to determine the level of profit that can result from lettuce farming. The reason for choosing the area was because the majority of the population were cultivating lettuce plants. The results showed that: the influence of production inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, labour and land area) significantly influence the production of lettuce farming. The level of efficiency in the use of production factors (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, labour and equipment) has not been technical, price, and economically efficient. Net income per farmer amounted to Rp. 2,608,062.,63, per month amounted to Rp. 869,354. 21 when compared to the UMK of Rp. 2,829,558, the income of lettuce farming in the study area was relatively low.

Analysis of Land Suitability Level and Efficiency of Corn Farming Business in Kempo District, Dompu

The development of corn plants should pay attention to the level of land suitability and the resulting economic value. This study aims to evaluate the level of land suitability and efficiency of corn farming in Kempo District so that the results can be used as a reference in making agricultural decisions, especially for the development of corn plants. The research was conducted in the Kempo District, Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The research method used is a survey method. The results showed that there was corn farming land cultivated in the land suitability class that was not suitable (N) of 9.30 ha (0.05%), according to marginal (S3) covering an area of ​​8,634.94 ha (45.05%), sufficient suitable (S2) covering an area of ​​6,841.55 (35.70%) and very suitable (S1) covering an area of ​​1,086.59 (5.67%). Corn farmers who cultivate land for corn farming in land suitability class N, farmers incur costs that are higher than the total revenue from corn, the average respondent loses, this is not realized by the farmers concerned, while the highest level of farming efficiency is shown in exploitation land class is very suitable (S1) followed by class S2 and then S3. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that farmers not cultivate corn on land that is categorized as unsuitable, while on land that is categorized as quite suitable (S2) and marginally suitable (S3), land engineering efforts are needed according to their respective limiting factors to increase the level of suitability be more suitable. While the highest level of farming efficiency was shown in the very appropriate class (S1), followed by the S2 class and then the S3 class

Using binders for feed producing needed for aquaculture

The article is dedicated to binders, which are used as components of aquaculture feeds. It includes generalization results of modern scientific-applied stuff, mostly obtained by foreign researches, since this kind of information presented at domestic specialized journals in extremely small volume. An information about functional purpose for main feed components — protein- and oil-containing, antioxidants and some others — was presented. Binders impaction on aquatic feed attraction and it’s nutritional value was shown, general functional purposes for binding agents also explained. A small analytical description for Russian binder market presented, a modern classification for binders also was shown as well as main segments in feed market where these binders can be used. Differences in rheological characteristics of various binders and it’s interaction mechanism with feed components within granules are described. Significant differences between Russian and foreign methodologies, used for researching of structurally-mechanical characteristics of feed pellets, are indicated and needs in domestic and foreign analytical techniques harmonization was justified. This article includes results of foreign investigations, dedicated of binders applied using (such as starches, obtained from various raw sources, carrageenan, CMC, pectin, agar, gelatin and so on) while pelleted and extruded feeds production was summarized. Crayfishes, shrimps, sea urchins and fishes (gibel carp, olive flounder) were used for researching and were fed by feeds with these binders. The best kinds of binders and it’s most effective concentrations for feeds, used for various species was defined, impaction on fish farming efficiency also was studied for some of these binders. Needs for further researching works with binders for using in feed production industry was justified. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/use-of-binding-substances-in-the-production-of-mixed-feeds-for-aquaculture/74633.html

Effectiveness and recommendation of NPK-compound fertilization on maize

The development of maize plants in the wet tropics was experiencing problems due to a lack of nutrients, especially N, P, and K, so that to get optimal yield, additional nutrients are needed through NPK fertilization. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of fertilizers and provide recommendations for the appropriate dose of compound NPK fertilization (formulation 15:15:15, 20:10,10, and 15:8:10) to increase production, farming efficiency, and income of maize farmers. This research was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Indonesian cereal Research Institute, Maros from June until October 2020. This research was arranged in randomized block design with three replication. The treatment consists of five NPK- compound fertilizers with two doses of NPK+ urea combination. The comparisons were Urea (control) and Urea + SP36+KCl (standard). The results of this research were all formulations of NPK compound fertilizers (15:15:15, 20:10:10, and 15:8:10) deserve to be recommended for maize. Recommendations for applying NPK 15:15:15 compound fertilizer to maize plants are 450 kg/ha combined with 250 kg urea/ha with a yield probability of 12 t/ha. The recommendation for applying 20:10:10 NPK compound fertilizer to maize was 350 kg/ha + 200 kg urea with a yield probability of ±11 t/ha. The recommendation for giving NPK 15:8:10 compound fertilizer for maize was 450 kg/ha combined with 250 kg urea/ha with a yield probability of 11 t/ha.

Hope for Change: Is Diversifying Production Portfolios an Ideal Strategy to Boost Farming Efficiency in Afghanistan?

In this article, I present empirical evidence on the extent of crop diversification and assess its merits as a strategy for improving production efficiency in Afghanistan. The transformed Herfindahl–Harshman index is used to measure the scale and magnitude of crop diversification. I find a compelling evidence that diversifying production portfolios significantly improves production efficiencies. This finding is critical, given that the data show that nearly a third of the farm households do not diversify, achieving, on average, about 52% of potential revenues. The estimated efficiency scores reveal that, on average, the farm households in our analytical sample of over 7,000 households achieve 74% of potential revenue, with nearly 15% of households realizing less than 50% and about 23% between 50% and 70% of potential revenue. These results infer that there exist substantial inefficacies in agricultural production that can be eliminated by employing improved management practices without having to use additional inputs and production resources and rising cost of production. Our results are robust to potential endogeneity bias in crop diversification; I account for the endogeneity problem in the stochastic frontier analysis, by employing a recent estimation approach, using instrumental variable techniques. Mapping the spatial distribution of crop diversification index and estimated efficiency scores across the country revealed that districts with higher diversification levels correspond to higher efficiency indices. Aside from crop diversification, other socio-economic factors also have critical implications for efficiency; households with access to farm assets (such as land, cattle, oxen and tractor) and extension services appear to realize substantially higher production efficiencies. A direct policy recommendation that can be generated from the findings of this study is that crop diversification should be given more recognition by policymakers to enhance productivity and resilience in agriculture.

Analisi Efisiensi Teknis, Alokatif dan Ekonomi Produksi Kubis di Kabupaten Karo

The needs of cabbages tends to increase. Meanwhile, cabbage production is not optimal and just seasonal. However, demands of cabbages in export field are high so, it makes the cabbage farming is a strategic area to be developed. To increase production through increasing the use of inputs and using new technologies is relatively difficult because it requires high costs. Therefore, increasing production by improving farming efficiency is a relevant option. Farmers’ managerial skills and their combining various production inputs ability will affect the production. Efficient use of input amount (allocative efficiency) and a good technical efficiency are important for increasing the production. Production of cabbage farming efficiency was analyzed by using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). The results of the analysis showed that the technical, allocative and economic efficiency of cabbage farming in Karo District had not achieved. The average of the technical, allocative and economic efficiency values of the respondent were 0.697, 0.374 and 0.215. These results indicate that low efficiency is a contributing factor to the low productivity of the cabbage farmer respondents' in Karo District. Several factors that have a significant effect on the efficiency are farming experience, labor ratio, land ownership status and cabbage lifespan.

Studi Komparasi Usaha Budidaya Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Varietas Cening (Klon TK 386) dan Varietas PS 864 di Kabupaten Tuban Jawa Timur

Currently, farmers cultivate several varieties of sugarcane. This causes difficulties for sugarcane farmers to determine which varieties are the best in achieving farming efficiency. This study was aimed to determine the income from sugarcane cultivation of cening variety (Clon TK 386) and PS 864 variety and to compare the efficiency of both varieties. Methods of data analysis was a quantitative analysis, namely the income analysis, R/C Ratio, and t-test. The results showed that the total costs incurred for sugarcane cultivation were IDR 32,845,000 from cening variety and IDR 32,310,000 from PS 864 variety. Revenue earned from the cening variety was IDR 63,864,400 with an income of IDR 31,019,400. Meanwhile, the revenue earned from PS 864 variety was IDR 59,187,800 with an income of IDR 26,877,800. In the cening variety sugarcane cultivation business, the R/C Ratio value was 1.94, while for the PS 864 variety, the R/C Ratio value was 1.83. A ratio greater than 1 indicated that both the cening variety and PA 864 sugarcane cultivation was profitable and feasible. The results of the t-test showed that the efficiency level of the cening variety sugarcane cultivation resulted in a higher business efficiency than the efficiency of the PS864 sugarcane cultivation. Based on the research results, it can be recommended that cening sugarcane cultivation (Clon TK 386) should be developed because it is more profitable and efficient. Saat ini banyak varietas tebu yang dibudidayakan oleh petani. Banyaknya varietas tersebut akan menimbulkan kesulitan bagi petani tebu untuk menentukan varietas mana yang akan dikembangkan dan mencapai efisiensi usahatani yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat pendapatan usaha budidaya tebu varietas cening (Klon TK 386) dan varietas PS 864 serta untuk mengetahui perbandingan efisiensi usaha budidaya tebu varietas cening (Klon TK 386) dan varietas PS 864. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis pendapatan, analisis R/C ratio dan Uji T-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan biaya total yang dikeluarkan untuk usaha budidaya tebu yaitu sebesar Rp 32.845.000,00 (varietas cening) dan Rp 32.310.000,00 (varietas PS 864). Penerimaan usaha budidaya tebu varietas cening sebesar Rp 63.864.400,00 dengan pendapatan sebesar Rp 31.019.400,00. Sedangkan penerimaan usaha budidaya tebu varietas PS 864 sebesar Rp 59.187.800,00 dengan pendapatan sebesar Rp 26.877.800,00. Pada usaha budidaya tebu varietas cening diperoleh nilai R/C Ratio 1,94, sedangkan untuk varietas PS 864 diperoleh nilai R/C Ratio 1,83. Besarnya Ratio lebih besar dari 1 menunjukkan bahwa usaha budidaya tebu varietas cening dan varietas PA 864 menguntungkan dan layak untuk diusahakan. Hasil uji T-test menunjukkan tingkat efisiensi usaha budidaya tebu varietas cening menghasilkan efisiensi usaha yang lebih tinggi dibanding efisiensi usaha budidaya tebu varietas PS864. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat direkomendasikan usaha budidaya tebu varietas Cenning (KLON TK 386) perlu dikembangkan karena lebih menguntungkan dan efisien.

ANALISIS EFISIENSI USAHATANI JAGUNG ANGGOTA DAN NON-ANGGOTA KELOMPOK TANI DI KECAMATAN MARGA TIGA KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR

This research aims to analyze the level of technical efficiency, technical inefficiency factors, and economic efficiency of corn farming of members and nonmembers of farmer groups. This research was conducted in the Gedung Wani and Negeri Katon Villages of Marga Tiga District, East Lampung. Respondent farmers were determined intentionally with a simple random sampling. This research use a survey method and the data were collected in February-March 2019. Technical efficiency, technical inefficiency factors, and economic efficiency were analyzed using the Stochastic Frontier 4.1. The results showed that corn farming in Marga Tiga District was technically efficient, with an efficiency of 0.95. The number of family members can increase technical inefficiency, age and experience can reduce technical inefficiency, while education and farmer groups membership do not affect technical inefficiency. Corn farming in Marga Tiga District was also economically efficient with an efficiency level 0.89 for members of farmer groups and 0.90 for non-members of farmer groups.Key words: corn farming, efficiency, farmer groups

Efficiency analysis of chilli pepper farming with proliga technology application in Batam City

The existing cultivation pattern of chilli pepper in Riau Islands is unable to fulfilled all market demands. Dissemination of double production (Produksi Lipat Ganda or Proliga) technology was an effort to increase chilli pepper production in Riau Islands. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of chilli pepper farming with Proliga technology application. This research was conducted in Mei 2019 until April 2020 at Maju Mandiri Farmer Group, Setokok Village, Bulang District, Batam City. The primary data obtained from interviews, and the secondary data obtained from related agencies. Data analysis was carried out by calculating costs, revenues, income, and farming efficiency. Based on analysis results, it can be concluded that chilli pepper farming with Proliga technology generates an income of IDR 699,000,000, and the cost incurred in one planting season (12 months) reached IDR 213,193,500. Therefore, the income obtained by farmers is IDR 485,806,500 / hectare. This chilli pepper farming is considered efficient and profitable for farmers, as indicated by the R/C ratio value of 3.27.