Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines expression in rat's brain and spleen exposed to chronic mild stress: Involvement in depression

Abstract Background: Acanthopanacis Cortex (AC) is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine in Eleutherococcus Maxim., which has the effects of immune inflammatory modulation, anti-stress, anti-fatigue, sedation and analgesia. The functions of herbs from Eleutherococcus Maxim. involve neuroactivity, anti-fatigue, anti-stress and immune inflammatory modulation, and the peripheral functions of which are consistent with AC. However, the central nervous system function of AC has not been clearly illustrated. Since immune inflammatory modulation plays a critical role in the treatment of depression. In this study, we investigated the effect of AC against depression through immune inflammatory modulation.Methods: Chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depressive mice were used to evaluate the effect of AC against depression. Behavior study and detection of neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines were carried out in the study. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling cascade was involved to further study the underlying mechanism of AC against depression.Results: AC had a beneficial effect on CMS-induced depressive mice, including improvement in depressive behavior and modulation of the levels of neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, AC was able to suppress IL-17-midiated signaling cascade and thereby alleviating neuroinflammation and depression.Conclusions: Our results revealed that AC showed great effects on anti-depression through immune inflammatory modulation. These findings provide an insight into anti-depression therapy, which will be useful for the development of clinical application of AC.

Download Full-text

Beneficial Effect of Chronic Treatment with Extracts from Rhodiola Rosea L. and Curcuma Longa L. on the Immunoreactivity of Animals Subjected to a Chronic Mild Stress Model

Folia Medica ◽

10.1515/folmed-2017-0046 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 443-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Liliya V. Vasileva ◽

Kremena Е. Saracheva ◽

Mariya V. Ivanovska ◽

Atanaska P. Petrova ◽

Emir Sucouglu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Locomotor Activity ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Chronic Mild Stress ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Model Group ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractBackground: Recent studies have suggested increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in depression. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of extracts from Rhodiola and Curcuma on immunoreactivity of animals subjected to a chronic mild stress (CMS) model followed by lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Materials and methods: Male Wistar rats (n=56) divided in 7 groups were treated orally with: distilled water 10 ml/kg (control and CMS model groups); Rhodiola 250 mg/kg; Rhodiola 500 mg/kg; Curcuma 250 mg/kg; Curcuma 500 mg/kg, Rhodiola 250 mg/kg and Curcuma 250 mg/kg. All groups except the control were stressed daily according to a CMS protocol. Changes in glucose preference, weight gain and locomotor activity were recorded. In the sixth week the animals were challenged with LPS and rats’ sera were obtained for ELISA evaluation of TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Results: The animals from the model group decreased their weight gain, glucose preference and locomotor activity compared to controls. The groups exposed to stress and treated with Rhodiola 500 mg/kg, Curcuma 500 mg/kg and their combination increased their locomotor activity compared to the model group. High expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were found in all groups exposed to CMS and challenged by LPS. Conclusions: The groups exposed to the stress procedure showed a variety of depression-like behavioral changes. In addition, ELISA tests showed that CMS is affecting rats’ immunity by increasing the cytokines’ levels. These changes could be reversed by administration of Rhodiola and Curcuma in combination suggesting synergic interaction regarding their anti-inflammatory and anti-stress effects.

Download Full-text

Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) Mediates the Protective Effect of L.Cucurbita Pepo on Salivary Glands of Depressed Rat Evident by Structural, Biochemical and Molecular Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-267988/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hailah M. ALmohaimeed ◽

Emad A. Albadawi ◽

Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh ◽

Hadel M. Alghabban ◽

Hanan S. Seleem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Glands ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Mild Stress ◽

Ductal Cells ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Impact ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract BackgroundAcute and chronic stresses affect the salivary glands which are the source of plasma BDNF during stressful conditions. Pumpkin is a medicinal plant with an evident antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and potential antidepressant effects. This work was conducted to assess the impact of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on the structure of albino rats’ salivary glands and evaluate the role of pumpkin extract (Pump) in ameliorating this effect. MethodsFour groups (n=10 each) of male albino rats included in this study; the control, CUMS, CUMS+ﬂuoxetine and (CUMS+Pump). Corticosterone, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α & IL-6) and the oxidant/antioxidant profile were all assessed in the serum. BDNF mRNA level was measured in the salivary glands using qRT-PCR. Histopathological changes of the salivary glands were also assessed. ResultsDepression was confirmed behaviorally and biochemically. Exposure to CUMS significantly (p< 0.001) up-regulated the level of serum corticosterone. CUMS induced degenerative changes in the secretory and ductal system, atrophy of acini and increased apoptosis of the acinar and ductal cells. Both fluoxetine and Pump significantly up-regulated (p<0.001) BDNF expression in the salivary glands and ameliorated the CUMS-induced histopathological alterations in the salivary glands. Pumpkin significantly (p<0.001) increased the serum levels of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and CAT and reduced the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6.ConclusionPumpkin ameliorates chronic stress-induced depression in rats by exerting a promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-depressant-like effects in rats exposed to CUMS. Pump subsequently improved stress-induced structural changes in the salivary glands that might be due to the glands up-regulation of BDNF expression.Trial registrationNot applicable.

Download Full-text