scholarly journals Open reading frames 1a and 1b of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) collaboratively initiate viral minus-strand RNA synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 477 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Dong Tang ◽  
Qiong-Qiong Fang ◽  
Ji-Ting Liu ◽  
Tong-Yun Wang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Minus Strand ◽  
Reading Frames

scholarly journals Deletion of M2 Gene Open Reading Frames 1 and 2 of Human Metapneumovirus: Effects on RNA Synthesis, Attenuation, and Immunogenicity

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 6588-6597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula J. Buchholz ◽  
Stéphane Biacchesi ◽  
Quynh N. Pham ◽  
Kim C. Tran ◽  
Lijuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Transcription Factor Expression ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT The M2 gene of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) contains two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), M2-1 and M2-2. The expression of separate M2-1 and M2-2 proteins from these ORFs was confirmed, and recombinant HMPVs were recovered in which expression of M2-1 and M2-2 was ablated individually or together [rΔM2-1, rΔM2-2, and rΔM2(1+2)]. Each M2 mutant virus directed efficient multicycle growth in Vero cells. The ability to recover HMPV lacking M2-1 contrasts with human respiratory syncytial virus, for which M2-1 is an essential transcription factor. Expression of the downstream HMPV M2-2 ORF was not reduced when translation of the upstream M2-1 ORF was silenced, indicating that it is initiated separately. The rΔM2-2 mutants exhibited a two- to fivefold increase in the accumulation of mRNA, normalized to the genome template, suggesting that M2-2 has a role in regulating RNA synthesis. Replication and immunogenicity were tested in hamsters. Animals infected intranasally with rΔM2-1 or rΔM2(1+2) did not have recoverable virus in the lungs or nasal turbinates on days 3 or 5 postinfection and did not develop HMPV-neutralizing serum antibodies or resistance to HMPV challenge. Thus, M2-1 appears to be essential for significant virus replication in vivo. In animals infected with rΔM2-2, virus was recovered from only 1 of 12 animals and only in the nasal turbinates on a single day. However, all of the animals developed a high titer of HMPV-neutralizing serum antibodies and were highly protected against challenge with wild-type HMPV. The HMPV rΔM2-2 virus is a promising and highly attenuated HMPV vaccine candidate.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of an NADC30-Like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Characterized by Recombination with Other Strains

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Li ◽  
Guobiao Ji ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Feifei Tan ◽  
Jinshan Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Reading Frames

We report here the complete genome sequence of an NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), HNyc15, which was characterized by recombination with VR-2332 and CH-1a PRRSV strains in open reading frames (ORFs) 2 to 4.

Porcine bocaviruses: genetic analysis and prevalence in Chinese swine population

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
pp. 1581-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. ZHANG ◽  
L. HUANG ◽  
Y. J. LIU ◽  
T. LIN ◽  
C. Q. SUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Swine Population ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Reading Frames

SUMMARYIn members of theBocavirusgenus, that contain three open reading frames (ORFs) of the Parvovirinae subfamily, porcine bocaviruses (PoBoVs) exhibit the most genetic diversity. Based on the ORF2-encoded viral protein (VP1) classification, the six reported porcine bocaviruses were grouped into four species: PoBoV1 (porcine boca-like virus or PBoLV), PoBoV2 (porcine parvovirus 4 or PPV4), PoBoV3 (PBoV1/PBoV2) and PoBoV4 (6V/7V), with PoBoV3 and PoBoV4 each having two genotype viruses. All four PoBoV species were detected in the 166 samples collected in 2010 from swine herds located in ten provinces of China. The detection rates for PoBoV1-4 were 28·9%, 6·6%, 19·3% and 39·7%, respectively. The co-infection combinations involving these six porcine bocaviruses in the collected samples were very complex. Furthermore, mixed infections with viruses from other families (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, classic swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2) were also detected.

Relative contribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus open reading frames 2–4 to the induction of protective immunity

Vaccine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (34) ◽  
pp. 4408-4413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kimpston-Burkgren ◽  
Ignacio Correas ◽  
Fernando A. Osorio ◽  
David Steffen ◽  
Asit K. Pattnaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Reading Frames

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Group-Specific Open Reading Frames Encode Nonessential Functions for Replication in Cell Cultures and Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (23) ◽  
pp. 14909-14922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyd Yount ◽  
Rhonda S. Roberts ◽  
Amy C. Sims ◽  
Damon Deming ◽  
Matthew B. Frieman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Replication Efficiency ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) encodes several unique group-specific open reading frames (ORFs) relative to other known coronaviruses. To determine the significance of the SARS-CoV group-specific ORFs in virus replication in vitro and in mice, we systematically deleted five of the eight group-specific ORFs, ORF3a, OF3b, ORF6, ORF7a, and ORF7b, and characterized recombinant virus replication and gene expression in vitro. Deletion of the group-specific ORFs of SARS-CoV, either alone or in various combinations, did not dramatically influence replication efficiency in cell culture or in the levels of viral RNA synthesis. The greatest reduction in virus growth was noted following ORF3a deletion. SARS-CoV spike (S) glycoprotein does not encode a rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)/Golgi retention signal, and it has been suggested that ORF3a interacts with and targets S glycoprotein retention in the rER/Golgi apparatus. Deletion of ORF3a did not alter subcellular localization of the S glycoprotein from distinct punctuate localization in the rER/Golgi apparatus. These data suggest that ORF3a plays little role in the targeting of S localization in the rER/Golgi apparatus. In addition, insertion of the 29-bp deletion fusing ORF8a/b into the single ORF8, noted in early-stage SARS-CoV human and civet cat isolates, had little if any impact on in vitro growth or RNA synthesis. All recombinant viruses replicated to wild-type levels in the murine model, suggesting that either the group-specific ORFs play little role in in vivo replication efficiency or that the mouse model is not of sufficient quality for discerning the role of the group-specific ORFs in disease origin and development.

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