Corrigendum to “A novel 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase homolog for the synthesis of membrane phospholipids with a branched-chain fatty acyl group in Shewanella livingstonensis Ac10” [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 500 (2018) 704–709]

Peroxisomes are involved in the β-oxidation chain shortening of long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs, long-chain dicarboxylyl-CoAs, the CoA esters of eicosanoids, 2-methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoAs, and the CoA esters of the bile acid intermediates, and in the process, they generate H2O2. There are two complete sets of β-oxidation enzymes present in peroxisomes, with each set consisting of three distinct enzymes. The classic PPARα-regulated and inducible set participates in the β-oxidation of straight-chain fatty acids, whereas the second noninducible set acts on branched-chain fatty acids. Long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acids are also metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 CYP4A ω-oxidation system to dicarboxylic acids that serve as substrates for peroxisomal β-oxidation. Evidence derived from mouse models of PPARα and peroxisomal β-oxidation deficiency highlights the critical importance of the defects in PPARα-inducible β-oxidation in energy metabolism and in the development of steatohepatitis.

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Dietary fat and the diabetic state alter insulin binding and the fatty acyl composition of the adipocyte plasma membrane

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2530417 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 253 (2) ◽

pp. 417-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

C J Field ◽

E A Ryan ◽

A B Thomson ◽

M T Clandinin

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Insulin Binding ◽

Fatty Acyl ◽

Membrane Composition ◽

Membrane Phospholipids ◽

Diabetic State

Control and diabetic rats were fed on semi-purified high-fat diets providing a polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio (P/S) of 1.0 or 0.25, to examine the effect of diet on the fatty acid composition of major phospholipids of the adipocyte plasma membrane. Feeding the high-P/S diet (P/S = 1.0) compared with the low-P/S diet (P/S = 0.25) increased the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane phospholipids in both control and diabetic animals. The diabetic state decreased the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid, in adipocyte membrane phospholipids. The decrease in arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids of diabetic animals tended to be normalized to within the control values when high-P/S diets were given. For control animals, altered plasma-membrane composition was associated with change in insulin binding, suggesting that change in plasma-membrane composition may have physiological consequences for insulin-stimulated functions in the adipocyte.

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Fatty Acyl Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acid (FAHFA) Lipid Families

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo10120512 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 512

Author(s):

Paul L. Wood

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Hydroxy Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acyl ◽

Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽

Wax Esters ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Branched Chain

Fatty Acyl esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids (FAHFA) encompass three different lipid families which have incorrectly been classified as wax esters. These families include (i) Branched-chain FAHFAs, involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and inflammation, with acylation of an internal branched-chain hydroxy-palmitic or -stearic acid; (ii) ω-FAHFAs, which function as biosurfactants in a number of biofluids, are formed via acylation of the ω-hydroxyl group of very-long-chain fatty acids (these lipids have also been designated as o-acyl hydroxy fatty acids; OAHFA); and (iii) Ornithine-FAHFAs are bacterial lipids formed by the acylation of short-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids and the addition of ornithine to the free carboxy group of the hydroxy fatty acid. The differences in biosynthetic pathways and cellular functions of these lipid families will be reviewed and compared to wax esters, which are formed by the acylation of a fatty alcohol, not a hydroxy fatty acid. In summary, FAHFA lipid families are both unique and complex in their biosynthesis and their biological actions. We have only evaluated the tip of the iceberg and much more exciting research is required to understand these lipids in health and disease.

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