Active immunization with Brucella abortus S19 phage lysate elicits serum IgG that protects guinea pigs against virulent B. abortus and protects mice by passive immunization

Active immunization of guinea pigs and rabbits with outer membrane proteins (OMP) isolated from Shigella flexneri 3a and Shigella sonnei phase I protected the animals against keratoconjunctivitis shigellosa induced with the homologous or heterologous strain. Protection was also achieved in rabbits after passive immunization with anti-OMP immune serum. Active immunization with lipopolysaccharide of S. flexneri 3a did not protect rabbits against keratoconjunctivitis shigellosa.

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Active Immunization with Pasteurella multocida Lysate Elicits Antibody that Protects Rabbits against Virulent Pasteurella multocida and Protects Mice by Passive Immunization

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4320 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Durairajan ◽

Harshit Verma ◽

Awadhesh Prajapati ◽

Mohammed Abbas ◽

Mayank Rawat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Western Blotting ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Passive Immunization ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Active Immunization ◽

Fixed Dose ◽

Lytic Phage ◽

Phage Lysate ◽

Vaccine Response ◽

Important Disease

Background: Pasteurellosis is an economically important disease of livestock worldwide and vaccination is effective mean to control the disease outbreaks. One of alternative method for vaccine preparation could be the use of lytic phages as bacterial inactivating agents and employing “phage lysate immunogen” as an immunizing agent. Therefore, the study was undertaken to explore the protective immune response of novel phage lysate vaccine against Pasteurella multocida. Methods: A phage lysate vaccine of Pasteurella multocida was prepared using isolated lytic phage and subjected to vaccine response study in rabbits. In this experiment, two mouse fixed-dose of lysate was used and the prophylactic efficacies of lysates were evaluated in rabbits by passive mouse protection test (PMPT), western blotting and direct virulent challenge.Result: Passive transfer of antibodies to mice using post-immunization sera of rabbits protected the animals against the challenge with A: 1 strain (75%) and B: 2 strain (50%). In western blotting, a total number of 4 bands were observed in the region between 130 kDa to 25 kDa in the protein of the phage lysate. The study suggested the significance increase in humoral immunity by phage lysate in murine Pasteurellosis.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Diseases

10.33442/vt202160 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Heinz-Josef Schmitt ◽

Khrystyna Hrynkevych

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Passive Immunization ◽

Active Immunization ◽

F Protein ◽

Hospitalization Rates ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Repeated Infections ◽

Long Acting ◽

Underlying Diseases

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA virus that causes annual ARI outbreaks during winter with mild URTI in the general population, but with severe LRTI particularly among young children (bronchiolitis), patients with underlying diseases and people >65 years of age. RSV does not induce a long-lasting protective immunity and repeated infections throughout life are the norm. Basically, all children have been infected by 2 years of age and of those hospitalized, >50% are <3 months and 75% are <6 months of age. The overall CFR is 1/500. For adults ≥65 years, RSV hospitalization rates are 90–250/105. There is no specific therapy, general preventive measures include general hygiene and isolation/separation of patients. A monoclonal anti-F-protein antibody is available for passive immunization of selected high-risk children. It requires monthly injections, comes at a high cost and has limited efficacy (50% against RSV hospitalization). Active immunization failed in the past, probably as the post-fusion conformation of the F-protein was used. Long-acting monoclonal antibodies (for infants) as well as stabilized pre-fusion F-protein vaccines (for immunization of pregnant women, children, older adults) produced on various platforms are in late stages of clinical development.

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Remembering As We Look Ahead: The Three E's and Firearm Injuries

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.88.2.379 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 379-383

Author(s):

MARK D. WIDOME

Keyword(s):

Young Child ◽

American Academy ◽

Passive Immunization ◽

Active Immunization ◽

Accident Prevention ◽

Safety Education ◽

Childhood Injury ◽

Firearm Injuries ◽

American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽

Look Ahead

There was a little man, and he had a little gun, And his bullets were made of lead, lead, lead; He went to the brook, and he saw a little duck, And he shot it through the head, head, head. —Mother Goose Four decades ago, Harry Dietrich,1 a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics' newly established Accident Prevention Committee, described a developmentally based approach to the prevention of childhood injury. Dietrich stressed the great need for protection ("passive immunization") for the young child and for safety education ("active immunization") as the child matures. It was also in the early 1950s that George Wheatley, the first chairman of the Accident Prevention Committee, popularized the "three E's"2—education, enforcement, and engineering—as a framework for developing and categorizing strategies to prevent injuries.

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Antisera, Toxoids, Vaccines and Tuberculins in Prophylaxis and Treatment

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.23.2.430 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 430-430

Author(s):

C. ARDEN MILLER

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Passive Immunization ◽

Active Immunization ◽

Biological Products

This book begins: "Biological products used in infectious diseases may be divided into three groups, namely: 1) Sera of various types for prophylaxis and treatment by passive immunization; 2) Prophylactics, such as toxins, toxoids, and vaccines (both bacterial and viral), for active immunization; 3) Diagnostic products, such as diluted toxins and tuberculins, used by the clinician to detect the presence or absence of immunity and also of allergy. Most of these materials come within the scope of this book.

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Effect of immunization with prostaglandin metabolites on gastrointestinal ulceration

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1988.255.6.g723 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 255 (6) ◽

pp. G723-G730 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. S. Redfern ◽

E. Lee ◽

M. Feldman

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Prostaglandin E2 ◽

Passive Immunization ◽

Adenosine Diphosphate ◽

Active Immunization ◽

Gastric Ulceration ◽

Separate Group ◽

Control Plasma ◽

Gastrointestinal Ulceration ◽

Donor Plasma

Active immunization of rabbits with a 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha-thyroglobulin conjugate induced gastrointestinal ulceration, whereas active immunization of rabbits with 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin E2-thyroglobulin conjugate or with thyroglobulin alone did not result in ulceration. Passive immunization of a separate group of rabbits with 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha-hyperimmune plasma, obtained from actively 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha-immunized donor rabbits that had ulcers, induced gastric ulceration within 9 days, whereas passive immunization of rabbits with control plasma, obtained from donor rabbits actively immunized with thyroglobulin alone, did not induce ulceration. Ulcerogenic donor plasma containing antibody to 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha neutralized the inhibitory actions of prostacyclin on adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation, indicating that this antibody cross-reacted with prostacyclin. In contrast, plasma containing antibodies to 13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin E2 cross-reacted only slightly with prostaglandin E2. Thus antibodies to inactive metabolites of prostaglandins induce ulceration only if these antibodies cross-react with an endogenous, "cytoprotective" prostaglandin.

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