Economic assessment of batch biodiesel production processes using homogeneous and heterogeneous alkali catalysts

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (13) ◽  
pp. 3268-3276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Sakai ◽  
Ayato Kawashima ◽  
Tetsuya Koshikawa
Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 812
Author(s):  
Hoang Chinh Nguyen ◽  
My-Linh Nguyen ◽  
Chia-Hung Su ◽  
Hwai Chyuan Ong ◽  
Horng-Yi Juan ◽  
...  

Biodiesel is a promising alternative to fossil fuels and mainly produced from oils/fat through the (trans)esterification process. To enhance the reaction efficiency and simplify the production process, various catalysts have been introduced for biodiesel synthesis. Recently, the use of bio-derived catalysts has attracted more interest due to their high catalytic activity and ecofriendly properties. These catalysts include alkali catalysts, acid catalysts, and enzymes (biocatalysts), which are (bio)synthesized from various natural sources. This review summarizes the latest findings on these bio-derived catalysts, as well as their source and catalytic activity. The advantages and disadvantages of these catalysts are also discussed. These bio-based catalysts show a promising future and can be further used as a renewable catalyst for sustainable biodiesel production.


2019 ◽  
Vol 272 ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit R. Kumar ◽  
Sravan Kumar Yellapu ◽  
Xiaolei Zhang ◽  
R.D. Tyagi

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 490-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Casson Moreno ◽  
Enrico Danzi ◽  
Luca Marmo ◽  
Ernesto Salzano ◽  
Valerio Cozzani

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Braunwald ◽  
William Todd French ◽  
Wilhelm Claupein ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger

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