scholarly journals Low-level cadmium exposure is associated with decreased cortical thickness, cortical area and trabecular bone volume fraction in elderly men: The MrOS Sweden study

Bone ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 115768
Author(s):  
Maria Wallin ◽  
Lars Barregard ◽  
Gerd Sallsten ◽  
Thomas Lundh ◽  
Daniel Sundh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cortical Area ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Low Level

scholarly journals Microarchitecture of Heterotopic Ossification in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: An HR-pQCT Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmée Botman ◽  
Melissa S. A. M. Bevers ◽  
Caroline E. Wyers ◽  
Bert van Rietbergen ◽  
Bernd P. Teunissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Skeletal Bone

It is challenging to study heterotopic ossification (HO) in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) due to the contraindication of invasive techniques (i.e., bone biopsies), which can trigger flare-ups. The aim of this case study was to assess mature HO at the microarchitectural level non-invasively with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Depending on the patient’s mobility, HR-pQCT scans were acquired of peripherally located HO and standard distal radius and tibia regions in two FOP patients, a 33-year-old woman and a 23-year-old man, with the classical mutation (p.R206H). HO was located around the halluces, the ankles, and in the Achilles tendon. Standard HR-pQCT analyses were performed of the distal radius, tibia, and HO to quantify bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microarchitecture. Micro-finite element analysis was used to estimate failure load (FL). The outcomes were compared between HO and neighboring skeletal bone and with an age- and gender-matched normative dataset from literature. The bone parameters of the radius were within the interquartile range (IQR) of normative data. In contrast, in the tibiae of both patients, total and trabecular BMD were below the IQR, as were trabecular bone volume fraction, number, and thickness, cortical thickness, and FL. Trabecular separation and heterogeneity were above the IQR. Isolated HO in the Achilles tendon had a lower total, trabecular, and cortical BMD, trabecular bone volume fraction, and cortical thickness than the normative tibia data. Trabecular microarchitecture was within the IQR, and FL was approximately 10% higher than that of the neighboring tibia after accounting for areal differences. Other scanned HO could only be qualitatively assessed, which revealed coalescence with the neighboring skeletal bone, development of a neo-cortex, and partial replacement of the original skeletal cortex with trabeculae. To conclude, isolated HO seemed microarchitecturally more comparable to reference tibia data than the peripheral skeleton of the FOP patients. HO and skeleton also appear to be able to become one entity when contiguous.

scholarly journals Bone health in spacefaring rodents and primates: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyan Fu ◽  
Matthew Goldsmith ◽  
Sequoia D. Crooks ◽  
Sean F. Condon ◽  
Martin Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractAnimals in space exploration studies serve both as a model for human physiology and as a means to understand the physiological effects of microgravity. To quantify the microgravity-induced changes to bone health in animals, we systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and NASA Technical reports. We selected 40 papers focusing on the bone health of 95 rats, 61 mice, and 9 rhesus monkeys from 22 space missions. The percentage difference from ground control in rodents was –24.1% [Confidence interval: −43.4, −4.9] for trabecular bone volume fraction and –5.9% [−8.0, −3.8] for the cortical area. In primates, trabecular bone volume fraction was lower by –25.2% [−35.6, −14.7] in spaceflight animals compared to GC. Bone formation indices in rodent trabecular and cortical bone were significantly lower in microgravity. In contrast, osteoclast numbers were not affected in rats and were variably affected in mice. Thus, microgravity induces bone deficits in rodents and primates likely through the suppression of bone formation.

Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci for Vertebral Trabecular Bone Volume Fraction and Microarchitecture in Mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L Bouxsein ◽  
Toru Uchiyama ◽  
Clifford J Rosen ◽  
Kathryn L Shultz ◽  
Leah R Donahue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Vertebral Trabecular Bone ◽  
Trait Loci

scholarly journals The Segond fracture occurs at the site of lowest sub‐entheseal trabecular bone volume fraction on the tibial plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1048
Author(s):  
William Mullins ◽  
Gavin E. Jarvis ◽  
Daniel Oluboyede ◽  
Linda Skingle ◽  
Ken Poole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Segond Fracture

scholarly journals The Incorporation of Platelet-rich Plasma into Calcium Phosphate Cement Enhances Bone Regeneration in Osteoporosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6;17 (6;12) ◽  
pp. E737-E745
Author(s):  
Kyung-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

Background: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is widely used for osteoplasty. However, previous studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of PMMA due to its excessive stiffness and heat production. Recently, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) that overcomes those negative effects has been successfully applied in osteoplasty. The potential problem of CPC is markedly less initial stiffness. It leads to progressive, repeated collapse in the treated vertebra before CPC has been replaced by new bone that would provide substantial improvement in compressive strength and stiffness. The activated platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) release a high concentration of growth factors which play an important role in bone healing. Objective: To investigate whether PRP could accelerate the osteoconduction of CPC and enhance the bone strength of the treated vertebra in an animal model. Study Design: Controlled animal study. Setting: Laboratory animal study, Methods: Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized at 8 weeks of age. After 3 months, they were randomly divided into 4 groups and received cement augmentation in the fifth caudal spine with different filler materials; sham-operated rats (S), PMMA (P), CPC (C), and CPC + PRP (CP). Bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular type-associated morphological parameters, including trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the augmented caudal spine, were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (mirco-CT) 2 weeks after the cementoplasty. Histological analysis was also performed to compare the bone regeneration. Results: The trabecular bone volume fraction in the CP group was significantly greater than those of all the other groups. Trabecular thickness was higher in the CP group than the S and P groups. This augmented trabecular structure in the CP group accordingly showed higher BMD. Histological evaluations showed significantly more bone regeneration in the CP group. Limitations: There has been a concern that the effect of PRP would be dependent on the species, and might show different results in humans. Baseline values of micro-CT analysis were not measured, which could have provided exact evidence of the changes in trabecular microarchitecture parameters and cement resorption profiles. Finally, caudal vertebrae with filler materials used in biological study should have been compared by their mechanical properties using biomechanical evaluations for a more coherent study, which was not possible due to technical problems. Conclusions: Incorporating PRP into CPC could accelerate osteoconduction in the augmented vertebra leading to improvement of trabecular bone microarchitecture and BMD in rats. Key words: Bone mineral density, calcium phosphates, cementoplasty, histology, osteoconduction, osteoporosis, platelet-rich plasma, polymethyl methacrylate, vertebra

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document