scholarly journals Strength in the Periphery: Growth Cone Biomechanics and Substrate Rigidity Response in Peripheral and Central Nervous System Neurons

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Koch ◽  
William J. Rosoff ◽  
Jiji Jiang ◽  
Herbert M. Geller ◽  
Jeffrey S. Urbach
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Growth Cone ◽  
Substrate Rigidity

Targeted ablation of glia disrupts axon tract formation in the Drosophila CNS

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 3703-3712 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hidalgo ◽  
J. Urban ◽  
A.H. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Growth Cone ◽  
Growth Cones ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Cell Ablation ◽  
Longitudinal Axon ◽  
Growth Cone Guidance

Glial cells are thought to play a role in growth cone guidance, both in insects and in vertebrates. In the developing central nervous system of the Drosophila embryo, the interface glia form a scaffold prior to the extension of the first pioneer growth cones. Growing axons appear to contact the glial scaffold as the axon tracts are established. We have used a novel technique for targeted cell ablation to kill the interface glia and thus to test their role in establishment of the embryonic axon tracts. We show that ablation of the interface glia early in development leads to a complete loss of the longitudinal axon tracts. Ablation of the glia later in embryonic development results in defects comprising weakening and loss of axon fascicles within the connectives. We conclude that the interface glia are required first for growth cone guidance in the formation of the longitudinal axon tracts in the Drosophila embryo and then either to direct the follower growth cones, or to maintain the longitudinal axon tracts.

Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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