A bias towards natural rewards away from gambling cues in gamblers undergoing active treatment

Abstract BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDH) are modifiable factors that contribute to health outcomes. Despite studies linking SDHs with cervical, ovarian, and prostate cancer outcomes, few studies have explored SDHs in glioma patients. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to characterize and contextualize SDHs in glioma patients by community income, rural/urban residence, and treatment status. METHODS Two validated instruments: PRAPARE (Protocol for responding to and assessing patents’ assets risks and experiences) and AHC (accountable health communities instrument) quantified SDHs; along with study-specific supplemental questions. Risk scores were calculated and combined into an overall and domain-specific (economic, education, neighborhood environment, social context, and healthcare) SDH risk, with a higher score being indicative of higher SDH risk. Scores were compared between low-income (LIC) vs high-income (HIC) communities (defined by median household income), urban vs rural (defined by zip code), and active treatment vs surveillance (determined by patient medical record) using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS 100 glioma patients were enrolled: mean age 53 years (range: 22–78); 49% male; 18% oligodendroglioma, 34% diffuse astrocytoma, 38% glioblastoma, 10% other glioma; 68% resided in LICs, 27% in rural zip codes, and 51% were on active treatment. Overall, SDH risk scores were low (mean= 4.43-out-of-38). Scores in the healthcare domain were the highest. Compared to patients from LICs, patients from HICs had higher healthcare risk scores (p< 0.05). Surveillance patients had higher overall SDH risk on the AHC than patients in active treatment (p< 0.05), with age being a confounder. In multivariable analysis, younger age, and astrocytoma histology were associated with higher social health risk. CONCLUSION Glioma patients report relatively few SDH risk factors on standardized instruments designed for general clinic populations. The higher health risk observed in patients in HICs and higher AHC risk for those in surveillance will be further explored in planned qualitative analysis.

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Creating a synchronous active treatment planning environment using virtual breakout rooms and group‐shared document

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/jdd.12571 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jeff C.‐W. Wang ◽

Adam Barragato ◽

Tae‐Ju Oh

Keyword(s):

Treatment Planning ◽

Active Treatment

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Effectiveness of an app for perinatal home visitation by nurses in preventing infant abuse in Japan

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A Isumi ◽

S Doi ◽

T Fujiwara

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Active Treatment ◽

Intervention Study ◽

Home Visitation ◽

Active Treatment Group ◽

Health Centers ◽

Public Health Nurses ◽

Control Group

Abstract Background In Japan, public health nurses provide home visitation with pregnant women who are at high risk for child maltreatment, but its effectiveness in preventing child maltreatment has not been evaluated because contents and quality of home visitation vary from municipality to municipality. This study aims to evaluate whether the tablet app developed to standardize and assist perinatal home visitation by public health nurses is effective in preventing child maltreatment. Methods An intervention study was conducted in 2018 in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan. Public health nurses at two public health centers used the tablet app when they support high-risk pregnant women through home visitation and interviews, while public health nurses at the other three public health centers provided support as in the past. Because two public health centers were different in usage of the app, the treatment group was further divided into two groups: active and inactive. As fatal abuse among infants, frequency of shaking and smothering was assessed as an outcome through a self-reported questionnaire at the 4-month health check, and compared between the active treatment group, inactive treatment group, and control group, using multiple logistic regression (N = 5,651). Results Prevalence of infant abuse was 0.82% in the active treatment group, 1.34% in the inactive treatment group, and 1.50% in the control group. When adjusted for parental demographics and parenting situations, mothers in the active treatment group were less likely to shake or smother their baby than those in the control group (Odds ratio: 0.51, p = 0.093). Conclusions It possibly suggests that the tablet app developed to assist perinatal home visitation by public health nurses was effective in preventing infant abuse. Key messages An intervention study was conducted at public health centers in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, using the tablet app developed to standardize and assist perinatal home visitation by public health nurses. The finding suggested that the tablet app may be effective in preventing shaking and smothering among 4-month old infants.

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Tooth loss in complying and non-complying periodontitis patients with different periodontal risk levels during supportive periodontal care

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s00784-021-03895-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roberto Farina ◽

Anna Simonelli ◽

Andrea Baraldi ◽

Mattia Pramstraller ◽

Luigi Minenna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Treatment ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Risk Levels ◽

Recall Interval ◽

Level 3 ◽

The Difference ◽

Periodontal Risk

Abstract Objectives To evaluate yearly tooth loss rate (TLR) in periodontitis patients with different periodontal risk levels who had complied or not complied with supportive periodontal care (SPC). Materials and methods Data from 168 periodontitis patients enrolled in a SPC program based on a 3-month suggested recall interval for at least 3.5 years were analyzed. For patients with a mean recall interval within 2–4 months (“compliers”) or > 4 months (“non-compliers”) with different PerioRisk levels (Trombelli et al. 2009), TLR (irrespective of the cause for tooth loss) was calculated. TLR values were considered in relation to meaningful TLR benchmarks from the literature for periodontitis patients either under SPC (0.15 teeth/year; positive benchmark) or irregularly complying with SPC (0.36 teeth/year; negative benchmark). Results In both compliers and non-compliers, TLR was significantly below or similar to the positive benchmark in PerioRisk level 3 (0.08 and 0.03 teeth/year, respectively) and PerioRisk level 4 (0.12 and 0.18 teeth/year, respectively). Although marked and clinically relevant in non-compliers, the difference between TLR of compliers (0.32 teeth/year) and non-compliers (0.52 teeth/year) with PerioRisk level 5 and the negative benchmark was not significant. Conclusion A SPC protocol based on a 3- to 6-month recall interval may effectively limit long-term tooth loss in periodontitis patients with PerioRisk levels 3 and 4. A fully complied 3-month SPC protocol seems ineffective when applied to PerioRisk level 5 patients. Clinical relevance PerioRisk seems to represent a valid tool to inform the SPC recall interval as well as the intensity of active treatment prior to SPC enrollment.

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Effects of Resmetirom on Noninvasive Endpoints in a 36‐Week Phase 2 Active Treatment Extension Study in Patients With NASH

Hepatology Communications ◽

10.1002/hep4.1657 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen A. Harrison ◽

Mustafa Bashir ◽

Sam E. Moussa ◽

Kevin McCarty ◽

Juan Pablo Frias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Treatment ◽

Extension Study ◽

Phase 2

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