The early processing of fearful and happy facial expressions is independent of task demands – Support from mass univariate analyses

2021 ◽  
pp. 147505
Author(s):  
Amie J. Durston ◽  
Roxane J. Itier
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Univariate Analyses

scholarly journals Dysfunctional Early Processing of Facial Expressions in Hazardous Drinkers: Evidence from an ERP Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yi Jin ◽  
John S. Y. Chan ◽  
Feng-Chi Yang ◽  
Fang Cui
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Early Processing

scholarly journals Money or smiles: Independent ERP effects of associated monetary reward and happy faces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Hammerschmidt ◽  
Louisa Kulke ◽  
Christina BrÖring ◽  
Annekathrin Schacht
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Learning Criterion ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
Consolidation Phase ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Motivational Salience

In comparison to neutral faces, facial expressions of emotion are known to gain attentional prioritization, mainly demonstrated by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). Recent evidence indicated that such a preferential processing can also be elicited by neutral faces when associated with increased motivational salience via reward. It remains, however, an open question whether impacts of inherent emotional salience and associated motivational salience might be integrated. To this aim, expressions and outcomes were orthogonally combined. Participants (N=42) learned to explicitly categorize happy and neutral faces as either reward- or zero-outcome-related via an associative learning paradigm. ERP components (P1, N170, EPN, and LPC) were measured throughout the experiment, and separately analyzed before (learning phase) and after (consolidation phase) reaching a pre-defined learning criterion. Happy facial expressions boosted early processing stages, as reflected in enhanced amplitudes of the N170 and EPN, both during learning and consolidation. In contrast, effects of monetary reward became evident only after successful learning and in form of enlarged amplitudes of the LPC, a component linked to higher-order evaluations. Interactions between expressions and associated outcome were absent in all ERP components of interest. The present study provides novel evidence that acquired salience impacts stimulus processing but independent of the effects driven by happy facial expressions.

scholarly journals Long-term academic stress enhances early processing of facial expressions

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Shaozheng Qin ◽  
Zhuxi Yao ◽  
Kan Zhang ◽  
Jianhui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Early Processing

scholarly journals Effects of Repeated Concussions and Sex on Early Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions as Revealed by Electrophysiology

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérike Carrier-Toutant ◽  
Samuel Guay ◽  
Christelle Beaulieu ◽  
Édith Léveillé ◽  
Alexandre Turcotte-Giroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Face Expression ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Component Amplitude

AbstractObjectives: Concussions affect the processing of emotional stimuli. This study aimed to investigate how sex interacts with concussion effects on early event-related brain potentials (ERP) measures (P1, N1) of emotional facial expressions (EFE) processing in asymptomatic, multi-concussion athletes during an EFE identification task. Methods: Forty control athletes (20 females and 20 males) and 43 multi-concussed athletes (22 females and 21 males), recruited more than 3 months after their last concussion, were tested. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, and an Emotional Facial Expression Identification Task. Pictures of male and female faces expressing neutral, angry, and happy emotions were randomly presented and the emotion depicted had to be identified as fast as possible during EEG acquisition. Results: Relative to controls, concussed athletes of both sex exhibited a significant suppression of P1 amplitude recorded from the dominant right hemisphere while performing the emotional face expression identification task. The present study also highlighted a sex-specific suppression of the N1 component amplitude after concussion which affected male athletes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that repeated concussions alter the typical pattern of right-hemisphere response dominance to EFE in early stages of EFE processing and that the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the processing of emotional stimuli are distinctively affected across sex. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1–11)

Control of attention in bipolar disorder: Effects of perceptual load in processing task-irrelevant facial expressions

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S335-S335
Author(s):  
J. Grave ◽  
S. Soares ◽  
N. Madeira ◽  
P. Rodrigues ◽  
T. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Target Letter ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Perceptual Load ◽  
Irrelevant Stimulus ◽  
High Load ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Bipolar disorder (BD), along with schizophrenia, is one of the most severe psychiatric conditions and is correlated with attentional deficits and emotion dysregulation. Bipolar patients appear to be highly sensitive to the presence of emotional distractors. Yet, no study has investigated whether perceptual load modulates the interference of emotionally distracting information. Our main goal was to test whether bipolar patients are more sensitive to task-irrelevant emotional stimulus, even when the task demands a high amount of attentional resources.Fourteen participants with BD I or BD II and 14 controls, age- and gender-matched, performed a target-letter discrimination task with emotional task-irrelevant stimulus (angry, happy and neutral facial expressions). Target-letters were presented among five distractor-letters, which could be the same (low perceptual load) or different (high perceptual load). Participants should discriminate the target-letter and ignore the facial expression. Response time and accuracy rate were analyzed.Resultsshowed a greater interference of facial stimuli at high load than low load, confirming the effectiveness of perceptual load manipulation. More importantly, patients tarried significantly longer at high load. This is consistent with deficits in control of attention, showing that bipolar patients are more prone to distraction by task-irrelevant stimulus only when the task is more demanding. Moreover, for bipolar patients neutral and angry faces resulted in a higher interference with the task (longer response time), compared to controls, suggesting an attentional bias for neutral and threating social cues. Nevertheless, a more detailed investigation regarding the attentional impairments in social context in BD is needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Does early processing of low-spatial frequency fearful facial expressions vary as a function of autistic tendency?

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Laila Hugrass ◽  
Adelaide Burt ◽  
Tasha Firth-Belvedere ◽  
David Crewther
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Early Processing

Parasympathetic Concomitants of Habitual, Spontaneous, and Instructed Emotional Suppression

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmir Gračanin ◽  
Igor Kardum ◽  
Jasna Hudek-Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Emotion Experience ◽  
Similar Relation

Abstract. The neurovisceral integration model proposes that different forms of self-regulation, including the emotional suppression, are characterized by the activation of neural network whose workings are also reflected in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). However, most of the previous studies failed to observe theoretically expected increases in RSA during emotional suppression. Even when such effects were observed, it was not clear whether they resulted from specific task demands, a decrease in muscle activity, or they were the consequence of more specific self-control processes. We investigated the relation between habitual or trait-like suppression, spontaneous, and instructed suppression with changes in RSA during negative emotion experience. A modest positive correlation between spontaneous situational and habitual suppression was observed across two experimental tasks. Furthermore, the results showed greater RSA increase among participants who experienced higher negative affect (NA) increase and reported higher spontaneous suppression than among those with higher NA increase and lower spontaneous suppression. Importantly, this effect was independent from the habitual suppression and observable facial expressions. The results of the additional task based on experimental manipulation, rather than spontaneous use of situational suppression, indicated a similar relation between suppression and RSA. Our results consistently demonstrate that emotional suppression, especially its self-regulation component, is followed by the increase in parasympathetic activity.

Effects of Experimentally Induced Pain on Mismatch Negativity

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Dick ◽  
John F. Connolly ◽  
Michael E. Houlihan ◽  
Patrick J. McGrath ◽  
G. Allen Finley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Ischemic Pain ◽  
Active Attention ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Abstract: Previous research has found that pain can exert a disruptive effect on cognitive processing. This experiment was conducted to extend previous research with participants with chronic pain. This report examines pain's effects on early processing of auditory stimulus differences using the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) in healthy participants while they experienced experimentally induced pain. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded using target and standard tones whose pitch differences were easy- or difficult-to-detect in conditions where participants attended to (active attention) or ignored (passive attention) the stimuli. Both attention manipulations were conducted in no pain and pain conditions. Experimentally induced ischemic pain did not disrupt the MMN. However, MMN amplitudes were larger to difficult-to-detect deviant tones during painful stimulation when they were attended than when they were ignored. Also, MMN amplitudes were larger to the difficult- than to the easy-to-detect tones in the active attention condition regardless of pain condition. It appears that rather than exerting a disruptive effect, the presence of experimentally induced pain enhanced early processing of small stimulus differences in these healthy participants.

Faster Choice-Reaction Times to Positive than to Negative Facial Expressions

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka M. Leppänen ◽  
Mirja Tenhunen ◽  
Jari K. Hietanen
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Happy Face ◽  
Response Onset ◽  
Response Execution ◽  
Onset Response ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
Choice Reaction Times

Abstract Several studies have shown faster choice-reaction times to positive than to negative facial expressions. The present study examined whether this effect is exclusively due to faster cognitive processing of positive stimuli (i.e., processes leading up to, and including, response selection), or whether it also involves faster motor execution of the selected response. In two experiments, response selection (onset of the lateralized readiness potential, LRP) and response execution (LRP onset-response onset) times for positive (happy) and negative (disgusted/angry) faces were examined. Shorter response selection times for positive than for negative faces were found in both experiments but there was no difference in response execution times. Together, these results suggest that the happy-face advantage occurs primarily at premotoric processing stages. Implications that the happy-face advantage may reflect an interaction between emotional and cognitive factors are discussed.

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