scholarly journals Long-term academic stress enhances early processing of facial expressions

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Shaozheng Qin ◽  
Zhuxi Yao ◽  
Kan Zhang ◽  
Jianhui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Early Processing

Short and Longer Term Effects of Musical Intervention in Severe Alzheimer's Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Clément ◽  
Audrey Tonini ◽  
Fatiha Khatir ◽  
Loris Schiaratura ◽  
Séverine Samson
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Present Finding ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
Short Term

in this study, we examined short and longer term effects of musical and cooking interventions on emotional well-being of severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. These two pleasurable activities (i.e., listening to music, tasting sweets) that were collectively performed (i.e., playing music together, collaborative preparation of a cake) were compared in two groups of matched patients with AD (N = 14). Each intervention lasted four weeks (two sessions per week) and their effects were regularly assessed up to four weeks after the end of the intervention. We repeatedly evaluated the emotional state of both groups before, during, and after the intervention periods by analyzing discourse content and facial expressions from short filmed interviews as well as caregivers' judgments of mood. The results reveal short-term benefits of both music and cooking interventions on emotional state on all these measures, but long-term benefits were only evident after the music intervention. The present finding suggests that non-pharmacological approaches offer promising methods to improve the quality of life of patients with dementia and that music stimulation is particularly effective to produce long lasting effects on patients' emotional well-being.

scholarly journals Dysfunctional Early Processing of Facial Expressions in Hazardous Drinkers: Evidence from an ERP Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Yi Jin ◽  
John S. Y. Chan ◽  
Feng-Chi Yang ◽  
Fang Cui
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Early Processing

scholarly journals Money or smiles: Independent ERP effects of associated monetary reward and happy faces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Hammerschmidt ◽  
Louisa Kulke ◽  
Christina BrÖring ◽  
Annekathrin Schacht
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Learning Criterion ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
Consolidation Phase ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Motivational Salience

In comparison to neutral faces, facial expressions of emotion are known to gain attentional prioritization, mainly demonstrated by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). Recent evidence indicated that such a preferential processing can also be elicited by neutral faces when associated with increased motivational salience via reward. It remains, however, an open question whether impacts of inherent emotional salience and associated motivational salience might be integrated. To this aim, expressions and outcomes were orthogonally combined. Participants (N=42) learned to explicitly categorize happy and neutral faces as either reward- or zero-outcome-related via an associative learning paradigm. ERP components (P1, N170, EPN, and LPC) were measured throughout the experiment, and separately analyzed before (learning phase) and after (consolidation phase) reaching a pre-defined learning criterion. Happy facial expressions boosted early processing stages, as reflected in enhanced amplitudes of the N170 and EPN, both during learning and consolidation. In contrast, effects of monetary reward became evident only after successful learning and in form of enlarged amplitudes of the LPC, a component linked to higher-order evaluations. Interactions between expressions and associated outcome were absent in all ERP components of interest. The present study provides novel evidence that acquired salience impacts stimulus processing but independent of the effects driven by happy facial expressions.

scholarly journals Long-Term Influence of Incidental Emotions on the Emotional Judgment of Neutral Faces

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta F. Nudelman ◽  
Liana C. L. Portugal ◽  
Izabela Mocaiber ◽  
Isabel A. David ◽  
Beatriz S. Rodolpho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Neutral Face ◽  
Negative Context ◽  
Important Evidence

Background: Evidence indicates that the processing of facial stimuli may be influenced by incidental factors, and these influences are particularly powerful when facial expressions are ambiguous, such as neutral faces. However, limited research investigated whether emotional contextual information presented in a preceding and unrelated experiment could be pervasively carried over to another experiment to modulate neutral face processing.Objective: The present study aims to investigate whether an emotional text presented in a first experiment could generate negative emotion toward neutral faces in a second experiment unrelated to the previous experiment.Methods: Ninety-nine students (all women) were randomly assigned to read and evaluate a negative text (negative context) or a neutral text (neutral text) in the first experiment. In the subsequent second experiment, the participants performed the following two tasks: (1) an attentional task in which neutral faces were presented as distractors and (2) a task involving the emotional judgment of neutral faces.Results: The results show that compared to the neutral context, in the negative context, the participants rated more faces as negative. No significant result was found in the attentional task.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that incidental emotional information available in a previous experiment can increase participants’ propensity to interpret neutral faces as more negative when emotional information is directly evaluated. Therefore, the present study adds important evidence to the literature suggesting that our behavior and actions are modulated by previous information in an incidental or low perceived way similar to what occurs in everyday life, thereby modulating our judgments and emotions.

scholarly journals The Well-being of Students in a Welsh Secondary School Before and After a COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Smith ◽  
Arwel James
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
School Students ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
Before And After

Background: There has been considerable research on the well-being of secondary school students, most of which focuses on health-related behaviour or mental health issues. The well-being process model provides a framework that examines predictors of positive and negative well-being outcomes. The model has been validated in many studies of workers and university students. The present study examined the model's applicability to secondary school students whose education is conducted through the medium of the Welsh language. COVID-19 has disrupted education and well-being, and the present study presents profiles of well-being before and after the first COVID-19 lockdown in Wales. Aims: The first aim was to examine the applicability of the well-being process model to secondary school students. A second aim was to study students where teaching was in the Welsh language. Finally, the research examined the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown and identified predictors of current well-being after lockdown and the long term implications of COVID-19. Methodology: The research was carried out with the informed consent of the volunteers and approved by the School of Psychology, Cardiff University ethics committee. The participants were 214 students (111 males), and they represented each year group. An online survey was carried out, and the pre-COVID-19 associations between the well-being process predictor variables and outcomes were examined using regression analyses. Predictors of current and long-term well-being post-lockdown were also examined. Results: The data relating to the pre-COVID 19 periods confirmed that positive well-being was predicted by high scores for psychological capital and social support. Daytime sleepiness was negatively associated with positive well-being. Stress at school was predicted by high student stressors, negative coping, social support and low psychological capital scores. Post-lockdown well-being was predicted by psychological capital and negatively associated with academic stress and fear of infection, and the stress of isolation. The longer-term negative impact of COVID-19 was predicted by problem-focused coping, fear of infection, and social isolation. Conclusion: The results confirmed the applicability of the well-being process model to Welsh secondary school students. Lockdown during COVID-19 affected well-being, with the risk of infection and the stress of isolation and academic stress being the major negative influences.

scholarly journals Criminological And Psychological Analysis Of Cyberbullying

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
O.Yu. Petechel
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Power Imbalance ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Abusive Behavior ◽  
Role Structure ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Intentional Acts

The article is devoted to the research of the modem social phenomenon - bulling. The author analyzes the concepts and features of bulling. Summarizing the positions of scientists, the author highlights the following signs of bulling: 1) intentional acts; 2) long-term or / and systematic (repetitive) actions; 3) collective nature; 4) the role structure; 5) aggressiveness; 6) power imbalance between the victim and the aggressor; 7) bullying is a behavior; 8) has a personal purpose; 9) has no signs of selfdefense. The article offers a universal classification of types of bulling, in particular physical bulling (acts of aggressive nature (beating, pushing, striking, striking); social bullying (creating a tense atmosphere for learning, to form a superficial attitude of the group, even teachers or school staff to the victim, boycott, isolation, persecution); verbal bulling (threats, humiliation, ridicule, hostile facial expressions and gestures, abusive nicknames); economic bulling (seizure of money and material things, damage of personal property); sexual bullying (humiliating gestures, jokes of a sexual nature, coercion to certain negative actions, shooting in dressing rooms); cyberbullying (messaging, images, photos, videos, harassing, abusive behavior, hacking into personal mailboxes or accounts, corrupting personal information, abusive behavior in chats, social networks, and mobile). In addition, special attention has been paid to preventing this negative phenomenon. As a result of the research, the author proposes changes to the current legislation in the field of counteraction to billing, in particular the need to clarify the actions as long-term and systematic, as well as to provide for the possibility of conducting of bulling by a group of people or bulling against of group of people. The author considers it necessary to further define bulling as an act having a personal purpose.

scholarly journals CLASS CULTURE AND THE ACADEMIC STRESS OF DIGITAL NATIVES GENERATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binti Muchsini ◽  
Siswandari Siswandari
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
Simple Regression Analysis

The culture Digital Natives Generations (DNG) are important considerations for lecturers in designing their courses because they are a generation that is very familiar with the technology. The DNG will feel pressured if the learning process is similar to that of the previous generation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of cultural values in the classroom that may lead to the academic stress of DNG. The research uses quantitative research methods. The instruments of cultural values in the classroom refer to Hofstede's cultural dimension, while Academic Stress (AS) refers to Gadzella’s Student-Life Stress Inventory, with 152 respondents representing students at Sebelas Maret University Indonesia. Data analysis was performed using simple regression analysis with the aid of MINITAB. The results show that there are significant influence of cultural values in the classroom Power Distance (PD), collectivism individualism (CI), feminism masculinity (FM), uncertainty avoidance (UAI), and long-term orientation (LTO) on AS (p < 0.05). The results of the study could be utilized to determine the cultural values in the classroom that could be incorporated into the design of learning models so as to minimize the AS of DNG at higher education.

scholarly journals Effects of Repeated Concussions and Sex on Early Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions as Revealed by Electrophysiology

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérike Carrier-Toutant ◽  
Samuel Guay ◽  
Christelle Beaulieu ◽  
Édith Léveillé ◽  
Alexandre Turcotte-Giroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Face Expression ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Component Amplitude

AbstractObjectives: Concussions affect the processing of emotional stimuli. This study aimed to investigate how sex interacts with concussion effects on early event-related brain potentials (ERP) measures (P1, N1) of emotional facial expressions (EFE) processing in asymptomatic, multi-concussion athletes during an EFE identification task. Methods: Forty control athletes (20 females and 20 males) and 43 multi-concussed athletes (22 females and 21 males), recruited more than 3 months after their last concussion, were tested. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, and an Emotional Facial Expression Identification Task. Pictures of male and female faces expressing neutral, angry, and happy emotions were randomly presented and the emotion depicted had to be identified as fast as possible during EEG acquisition. Results: Relative to controls, concussed athletes of both sex exhibited a significant suppression of P1 amplitude recorded from the dominant right hemisphere while performing the emotional face expression identification task. The present study also highlighted a sex-specific suppression of the N1 component amplitude after concussion which affected male athletes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that repeated concussions alter the typical pattern of right-hemisphere response dominance to EFE in early stages of EFE processing and that the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the processing of emotional stimuli are distinctively affected across sex. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1–11)

scholarly journals Social cognition impairments in long-term opiate users in treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-263
Author(s):  
Gill Terrett ◽  
Kimberly Mercuri ◽  
Elizabeth Pizarro-Campagna ◽  
Laila Hugrass ◽  
H Valerie Curran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Facial Mimicry

Background: Long-term opiate users experience pervasive social difficulties, but there has been surprisingly limited research focused on social-cognitive functioning in this population. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether three important aspects of social cognition (facial emotion recognition, theory of mind (ToM) and rapid facial mimicry) differ between long-term opiate users and healthy controls. Methods: The participants were 25 long-term opiate users who were enrolled in opiate substitution programmes, and 25 healthy controls. Facial emotion recognition accuracy was indexed by responses to 60 photographs of faces depicting the six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise and disgust). ToM was assessed using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes task, which requires participants to infer mental states of others from partial facial cues. Rapid facial mimicry was assessed by recording activity in the zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii muscle regions while participants passively viewed images of happy and angry facial expressions. Results: Relative to the control group, the opiate user group exhibited deficits in both facial emotion recognition and ToM. Moreover, only control participants exhibited typical rapid facial mimicry responses to happy facial expressions. Conclusions: These data indicate that long-term opiate users exhibit abnormalities in three distinct areas of social-cognitive processing, pointing to the need for additional work to establish how social-cognitive functioning relates to functional outcomes in this group. Such work may ultimately inform the development of interventions aimed at improving treatment outcomes for long-term opiate users.

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