Highly oriented TiO2 thin films were deposited onto Al2O3(0001), SrTiO3(001), and LaAlO3(001) substrates by spin coating a titanium alkoxide precursor solution followed by annealing.
We prepared high-quality Bi1−xSmxFeO3 films on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by sol–gel processing and found rhombohedral–orthorhombic phase transition with enhanced piezoelectricity.