The effects of salinity and photoperiod on aerobic scope, hypoxia tolerance and swimming performance of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) reared in recirculating aquaculture systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanchang Fang ◽  
Victor K.S. Chan ◽  
Chandler W. Hines ◽  
Kevin T. Stiller ◽  
Jeffrey G. Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

scholarly journals Sex-specific differences in swimming, aerobic metabolism and recovery from exercise in adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) across ecologically relevant temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kraskura ◽  
E A Hardison ◽  
A G Little ◽  
T Dressler ◽  
T S Prystay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Cost Of Transport

Abstract Adult female Pacific salmon can have higher migration mortality rates than males, particularly at warm temperatures. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain a mystery. Given the importance of swimming energetics on fitness, we measured critical swim speed, swimming metabolism, cost of transport, aerobic scope (absolute and factorial) and exercise recovery in adult female and male coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) held for 2 days at 3 environmentally relevant temperatures (9°C, 14°C, 18°C) in fresh water. Critical swimming performance (Ucrit) was equivalent between sexes and maximal at 14°C. Absolute aerobic scope was sex- and temperature-independent, whereas factorial aerobic scope decreased with increasing temperature in both sexes. The full cost of recovery from exhaustive exercise (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption) was higher in males compared to females. Immediately following exhaustive exercise (i.e. 1 h), recovery was impaired at 18°C for both sexes. At an intermediate time scale (i.e. 5 h), recovery in males was compromised at 14°C and 18°C compared to females. Overall, swimming, aerobic metabolism, and recovery energetics do not appear to explain the phenomenon of increased mortality rates in female coho salmon. However, our results suggest that warming temperatures compromise recovery following exhaustive exercise in both male and female salmon, which may delay migration progression and could contribute to en route mortality.

Effect of Short-Duration Seawater Exposure on Plasma Ion Concentrations and Swimming Performance in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Parr

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2399-2405 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Brauner ◽  
J. M. Shrimpton ◽  
D. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Critical Swimming Velocity ◽  
Seawater Challenge

The effect of seawater (sw) on plasma ion concentrations and critical swimming velocity (Ucrit) was investigated in hatchery-reared coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) parr exposed to one of four treatments: 24 h of seawater exposure (SW1), 5–7 d of seawater (SW5), 24 h in seawater followed by 24 h in fresh water (SW-FW), and a freshwater control (FWC). Only the SW1 fish demonstrated a reduced Ucrit and, at rest, elevated plasma [Na+], [Cl−], and [SO42−]. With exercise, SW1 fish were characterized by an increase in plasma ion concentrations and a decrease in both hematocrit (Hct) and muscle moisture content. There is a strong relationship between plasma [Na+] at rest and Ucrit, where an optimal swimming velocity is obtained in animals with resting levels of approximately 147 mEq∙L−1. Traditionally, the 24-h seawater challenge is used to test the hypoosmoregulatory ability in smolting salmonids, however, our data suggest that it may also predict the aerobic swimming potential of salmonids following seawater transfer. We suggest that the reduction in Hct and increase in plasma [Na+] result in reduced oxygen delivery to the muscle and that decrease in muscle moisture content impairs the contractile process.

Effects of Triploidy on the Swimming Performance of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Small ◽  
D. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Total Haemoglobin ◽  
Haemoglobin Content

The swimming performance of triploid coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was compared with diploid controls to assess the ability of these fish to survive if released into the wild. Triploid salmon had similar haematocrits to diploid salmon but they had lower total haemoglobin content in their blood. There was no difference in the maximum sustained swimming ability between triploid and diploid salmon.

Growth-enhanced transgenic salmon can be inferior swimmers

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Farrell ◽  
William Bennett ◽  
Robert H. Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Transgenic Fish ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Physiological Fitness

We examined the consequence of remarkably fast growth rates in transgenic fish, using swimming performance as a physiological fitness variable. Substantially faster growth rates were achieved by the insertion of an "all-salmon" growth hormone gene construct in transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). On an absolute speed basis, transgenic fish swam no faster at their critical swimming speed than smaller non-transgenic controls, and much slower than older non-transgenic controls of the same size. Thus, we find a marked trade-off between growth rate and swimming performance, and these results suggest that transgenic fish may be an excellent model to evaluate existing ideas regarding physiological design.

Swimming Performance of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Exposed to Bleached Kraft Pulpmill Effluent

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Effluent Concentration

Maximum critical swimming speeds were not achieved by fingerling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in concentrations of bleached kraft pulpmill effluent above a threshold concentration between 10–20% of the 96-h LC50. Reduction of swimming performance was related to effluent concentration but not to exposure time after the initial 18 h. Swimming performance returned to control levels for fish tested in water after 6–12 h recovery from exposure to effluent concentrations up to 0.7 LC50. Effluent was rendered nontoxic by aerobic microbiological fermentation but some reduction in swimming performance was measured which was attributed, in part, to the effects of color and lignin materials remaining after treatment.The results are discussed in relation to the mode of toxic action of bleached kraft pulpmill effluents and their possible impact on aquatic ecosystems.

Effects of Acclimation and Acute Temperature Experience on the Swimming Speed of Juvenile Coho Salmon

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Griffiths ◽  
D. F. Alderdice
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Maximum Performance ◽  
Apparent Shift

Swimming performance of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), 7.5–9.5 cm in total length, was investigated in a stamina tunnel, generally at 3 C intervals of temperature over the range of thermal tolerance.Optimum (ultimate maximum) performance (5.8 lengths/sec) occurred at a combination of acclimation and test temperatures near 20 C. A declining ridge of sub-optimum performance (test temperature ridge) was found at acclimation temperatures below 20 C; maximum performance at each acclimation temperature level was found on the ridge at test temperatures higher than those of acclimation. Conversely, maximum performance at given test temperatures occurred on a second ridge (acclimation temperature ridge) at acclimation temperatures near those of testing. There was an apparent shift in location of the acclimation temperature ridge, indicative of seasonal performance compensation and improved capacity to perform at low acclimation temperatures during the winter period. At test temperatures below 5 C, maximum performance occurred at acclimation temperatures of about 6–8 C. Lowest performance within the zone of thermal tolerance was associated with acclimation and test temperatures of 2 C.

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