THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION AND TWO TYPES OF SWIMMING PERFORMANCE IN CHLORPYRIFOS-EXPOSED COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH)

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Tierney ◽  
Matt Casselman ◽  
Scott Takeda ◽  
Tony Farrell ◽  
Chris Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
The Relationship

An Investigation of the Relationship Between Oregon Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Hatchery Releases and Adult Production Utilizing Law of the Minimum Regression

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Clark ◽  
Bruce McCarl
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Regression Technique ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Simple Simulation ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines aggregate relationships between coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) adult production and hatchery releases within the Oregon Index Area (OIA). Previous analyses have indicated the presence of density dependence, and concluded with a request for a reduction in hatchery smolt releases. The hypothesis that density dependence is exhibited in the OIA is tested via a broad correlation approach. Several regression models are used including one unique one in fisheries research based on limiting factors.Analysis was done on the fitted regression equations including a simple simulation of release policies. Neither significant density dependence nor a statistically supportable technical maximum for smolt releases was found. The limiting factors regression technique generally gives the best results of all the models employed, and thus appears potentially useful in this type of fisheries work.

Effect of Short-Duration Seawater Exposure on Plasma Ion Concentrations and Swimming Performance in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Parr

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2399-2405 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Brauner ◽  
J. M. Shrimpton ◽  
D. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Swimming Velocity ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Critical Swimming Velocity ◽  
Seawater Challenge

The effect of seawater (sw) on plasma ion concentrations and critical swimming velocity (Ucrit) was investigated in hatchery-reared coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) parr exposed to one of four treatments: 24 h of seawater exposure (SW1), 5–7 d of seawater (SW5), 24 h in seawater followed by 24 h in fresh water (SW-FW), and a freshwater control (FWC). Only the SW1 fish demonstrated a reduced Ucrit and, at rest, elevated plasma [Na+], [Cl−], and [SO42−]. With exercise, SW1 fish were characterized by an increase in plasma ion concentrations and a decrease in both hematocrit (Hct) and muscle moisture content. There is a strong relationship between plasma [Na+] at rest and Ucrit, where an optimal swimming velocity is obtained in animals with resting levels of approximately 147 mEq∙L−1. Traditionally, the 24-h seawater challenge is used to test the hypoosmoregulatory ability in smolting salmonids, however, our data suggest that it may also predict the aerobic swimming potential of salmonids following seawater transfer. We suggest that the reduction in Hct and increase in plasma [Na+] result in reduced oxygen delivery to the muscle and that decrease in muscle moisture content impairs the contractile process.

Effects of Triploidy on the Swimming Performance of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Small ◽  
D. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Total Haemoglobin ◽  
Haemoglobin Content

The swimming performance of triploid coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was compared with diploid controls to assess the ability of these fish to survive if released into the wild. Triploid salmon had similar haematocrits to diploid salmon but they had lower total haemoglobin content in their blood. There was no difference in the maximum sustained swimming ability between triploid and diploid salmon.

Growth-enhanced transgenic salmon can be inferior swimmers

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Farrell ◽  
William Bennett ◽  
Robert H. Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Transgenic Fish ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Physiological Fitness

We examined the consequence of remarkably fast growth rates in transgenic fish, using swimming performance as a physiological fitness variable. Substantially faster growth rates were achieved by the insertion of an "all-salmon" growth hormone gene construct in transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). On an absolute speed basis, transgenic fish swam no faster at their critical swimming speed than smaller non-transgenic controls, and much slower than older non-transgenic controls of the same size. Thus, we find a marked trade-off between growth rate and swimming performance, and these results suggest that transgenic fish may be an excellent model to evaluate existing ideas regarding physiological design.

Food abundance and territory size in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1801-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Dill ◽  
Ronald C. Ydenberg ◽  
Alex H. G. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Food Abundance ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Feeding Territory ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Behavioural Mechanism

Feeding territory size and potential food abundance were measured simultaneously in a field population of juvenile (40–50 mm) coho salmon. Territory size was inversely related to the density of benthic food on the territory, as predicted from an energy-based model of territoriality. The relationship between the abundance of drift food and territory size was in the predicted direction, but was not significant. Territories were also smaller where intruder pressure was higher, but intrusion rate and food abundance were not directly correlated. Therefore, the effect of food abundance on territory size was not caused indirectly by attraction of nonterritorial fish to areas where food was abundant. In the laboratory, the distance from which a resident coho attacked an approaching model intruder increased asymptotically with hunger. The fish therefore appear to possess an appropriate behavioural mechanism (tactic) to adjust territory size to local food abundance.

Effect of Temperature, Season, and Fish Size on Acute Lethality of Suspended Sediments to Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Servizi ◽  
Dennis W. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Cough Reflex ◽  
The Relationship

Tolerance of underyearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to Fraser River suspended sediments (SS) at 7 °C was independent of season of the year. However, coho of 0.52 g (4.0 cm) possessed only 35% of the tolerance of larger specimens. Tolerance to SS was temperature dependent, with 96-h LC50 at 1 and 18 °C being 47 and 33%, respectively, of the value at 7 °C. Tolerance was further reduced among underyearling coho which were later found to have a viral kidney infection. Cough reflex, oxygen transfer, oxygen saturation levels, metabolic rates, and capacity to do work all probably affect the relationship between SS tolerance and temperature.

Cost of Sustained and Burst Swimming to Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1546-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Puckett ◽  
L. M. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Burst Swimming ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between oxygen consumption rate (milligrams per kilogram per hour) and sustained swimming speed (calculated from tailbeat frequency) was determined for 1.2-g juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) at 15 °C. The data are best described by the following equation: log oxygen consumption rate = 2.2 + 0.13 (body lengths-s−1). This relationship is very similar to that extrapolated for sockeye salmon (O. nerka) of the same size, thus potentially enabling researchers to utilize the extensive sockeye data base to predict metabolic rates of coho. The oxygen consumption rate during burst swimming (9 body lengths∙s−1) was also determined. The burst swimming metabolic rate (38 000 mgO2∙kg−1∙h−1) is nearly 40 times greater than the maximum sustained swimming metabolic rate.

Swimming Performance of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Exposed to Bleached Kraft Pulpmill Effluent

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Effluent Concentration

Maximum critical swimming speeds were not achieved by fingerling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in concentrations of bleached kraft pulpmill effluent above a threshold concentration between 10–20% of the 96-h LC50. Reduction of swimming performance was related to effluent concentration but not to exposure time after the initial 18 h. Swimming performance returned to control levels for fish tested in water after 6–12 h recovery from exposure to effluent concentrations up to 0.7 LC50. Effluent was rendered nontoxic by aerobic microbiological fermentation but some reduction in swimming performance was measured which was attributed, in part, to the effects of color and lignin materials remaining after treatment.The results are discussed in relation to the mode of toxic action of bleached kraft pulpmill effluents and their possible impact on aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Sex-specific differences in swimming, aerobic metabolism and recovery from exercise in adult coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) across ecologically relevant temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kraskura ◽  
E A Hardison ◽  
A G Little ◽  
T Dressler ◽  
T S Prystay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Cost Of Transport

Abstract Adult female Pacific salmon can have higher migration mortality rates than males, particularly at warm temperatures. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain a mystery. Given the importance of swimming energetics on fitness, we measured critical swim speed, swimming metabolism, cost of transport, aerobic scope (absolute and factorial) and exercise recovery in adult female and male coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) held for 2 days at 3 environmentally relevant temperatures (9°C, 14°C, 18°C) in fresh water. Critical swimming performance (Ucrit) was equivalent between sexes and maximal at 14°C. Absolute aerobic scope was sex- and temperature-independent, whereas factorial aerobic scope decreased with increasing temperature in both sexes. The full cost of recovery from exhaustive exercise (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption) was higher in males compared to females. Immediately following exhaustive exercise (i.e. 1 h), recovery was impaired at 18°C for both sexes. At an intermediate time scale (i.e. 5 h), recovery in males was compromised at 14°C and 18°C compared to females. Overall, swimming, aerobic metabolism, and recovery energetics do not appear to explain the phenomenon of increased mortality rates in female coho salmon. However, our results suggest that warming temperatures compromise recovery following exhaustive exercise in both male and female salmon, which may delay migration progression and could contribute to en route mortality.

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