Development of a new point-of-care testing system for measuring white blood cell and C-reactive protein levels in whole blood samples

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to validate the use of whole-blood samples in the determination of circulating forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Methods: Blood samples of hospitalized prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia patients were collected and processed to generate whole-blood and serum samples. Three different rapid two-site immunoassays were developed to measure the concentrations of total PSA (PSA-T), free PSA (PSA-F), and PSA-α1-antichymotrypsin complex (PSA-ACT) to detect in vitro changes in whole-blood samples immediately after venipuncture. The possible influence of muscle movement on the release of PSA from prostate gland was studied in healthy men by measuring the rapid in vitro whole-blood kinetics of PSA forms before and after 15 min of physical exercise on a stationary bicycle. Results: Rapid PSA-T, PSA-F, and PSA-ACT assays were designed using a 10-min sample incubation. No significant changes were detected in the concentrations of PSA-T, PSA-F, and PSA-ACT from the earliest time point of 12–16 min compared with measurements performed up to 4 h after venipuncture. Physical exercise did not influence the concentrations of the circulating forms of PSA. Hematocrit-corrected whole-blood values of PSA-T and PSA-F forms were comparable to the respective serum values. Calculation of the percentage of PSA-F (PSA F/T ratio × 100) was similar irrespective of the sample format used, i.e., whole blood or serum. Conclusions: We found that immunodetectable PSA forms are likely at steady state immediately after venipuncture, thus enabling the use of anticoagulated whole-blood samples in near-patient settings for point-of-care testing, whereas determinations of PSA (e.g., PSA-T, PSA-F, or PSA-ACT) performed within the time frame of the office visit would provide results equivalent to conventional analyses performed in serum.

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Clinical Value of Whole Blood Procalcitonin Using Point of Care Testing, Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score, C-Reactive Protein and Lactate in Emergency Department Patients with Suspected Infection

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8060833 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 833 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bo-Sun Shim ◽

Young-Hoon Yoon ◽

Jung-Youn Kim ◽

Young-Duck Cho ◽

Sung-Jun Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Point Of Care Testing ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Suspected Infection ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Failure Assessment ◽

Emergency Department Patients

We investigated the clinical value of whole blood procalcitonin using point of care testing, quick sequential organ failure assessment score, C-reactive protein and lactate in emergency department patients with suspected infection and assessed the accuracy of the whole blood procalcitonin test by point-of-care testing. Participants were randomly selected from emergency department patients who complained of a febrile sense, had suspected infection and underwent serum procalcitonin testing. Whole blood procalcitonin levels by point-of-care testing were compared with serum procalcitonin test results from the laboratory. Participants were divided into two groups—those with bacteremia and those without bacteremia. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of procalcitonin, lactate and Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment scores were investigated in each group. Area under receiving operating curve of C-reactive protein, lactate and procalcitonin for predicting bacteremia and 28-day mortality were also evaluated. Whole blood procalcitonin had an excellent correlation with serum procalcitonin. The negative predictive value of procalcitonin and lactate was over 90%. Area under receiving operating curve results proved whole blood procalcitonin to be fair in predicting bacteremia or 28-day mortality. In the emergency department, point-of-care testing of whole blood procalcitonin is as accurate as laboratory testing. Moreover, procalcitonin is a complementing test together with lactate for predicting 28-days mortality and bacteremia for patients with suspected infection.

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European Concerted Action on Anticoagulation (ECAA): International Normalized Ratio Variability of CoaguChek and TAS Point-of-Care Testing Whole Blood Prothrombin Time Monitors

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1613345 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 88 (12) ◽

pp. 992-995 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Keown ◽

N. Chauhan ◽

C. Shiach ◽

A. M. H. P. van den Besselaar ◽

A. Tripodi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prothrombin Time ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Point Of Care ◽

International Normalized Ratio ◽

Operator Technique ◽

Concerted Action ◽

Point Of Care Testing ◽

Blood Samples ◽

International Normalised Ratio ◽

Whole Blood Samples

SummaryThe object was to assess the variability in displayed International Normalised Ratio (INR) between monitors of the same manufacture using whole blood samples from the same subjects. Two brands of monitor, CoaguChek Mini and the TAS PT-NC were tested.14 instruments of each brand were tested on the same day at the same laboratory by the same operator using identical blood samples to avoid between-centre differences in samples and operator technique. Whole blood samples from two normal donors and four coumarintreated patients were tested to assess between-instrument variability of INR.Results have been coded. There was a much wider dispersion of INR on Brand B than on Brand A. One Brand A instrument failed to give a result with one of the two whole blood samples from one patient. One Brand B monitor gave an aberrant result with one of the samples from a normal subject.On both brands of monitor, INR variability appeared to be due mainly to duplication differences rather than between-instrument variability on both normal and coumarin whole blood samples.

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