Cyclic water gas shift reactor (CWGS) for carbon monoxide removal from hydrogen feed gas for PEM fuel cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Galvita ◽  
Kai Sundmacher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Water Gas

Development of a Medium-Size Steam Reformer for CHP Applications Based on PEM Fuel Cells

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pisani ◽  
Alberto Zerbinato ◽  
Carlo Tregambe ◽  
Ernesto Benini
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Steam Reformer ◽  
Fuel Processor ◽  
Conversion Performance ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Water Gas

This paper describes technological of a fuel processor for hydrogen production able to convert 10 cubic meters of methane per hour. This device has been developed to feed hydrogen CHP suitable for the most common residential applications. The measured conversion efficiencies are extremely high: after the steam reformer the results are 76%H2; 18%CO2; 0,5%CH4; 5%CO; but the carbon monoxide is totally reduced throughout the water gas shift and the partial oxidation which contemporarily increase the hydrogen to over 77%. According to these results, this fuel processor is one of the first middle sized reformer to achieve, at comparable costs per cubic meter, conversion performance that were normally obtained only by industrial reforming plants.

Production of hydrogen with low COx-content for PEM fuel cells by cyclic water gas shift reactor

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1354-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Galvita ◽  
Torsten Schröder ◽  
Barbara Munder ◽  
Kai Sundmacher
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Water Gas

Coupling Experiment of Compact Integrated Fuel Processors with 75kW PEM Fuel Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 3066-3072
Author(s):  
Li Ming Du
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Fuel Processor ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Coupling Experiment

A compact autothermal reformer suitable for liquid fuel for instance methanol et al. was developed. The fuel reformer was combined with polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEM FC) and a system test of the process chain was successfully performed. The fuel processor consists of a fuel evaporating step, two-stage reformer and a two-stage reactor of water gas shift (WGS, one for high temperature water gas shift and the other for low temperature water gas shifter) and a four-stage preferential oxidation (PROX) reactor and some internal heat exchanger in order to achieve optimized heat integration. The fuel processor is designed to provide enough hydrogen for 75kWel fuel cells. After the initial step of methanol ATR, CO WGS and CO PROX steps are used for 'clean-up' CO. The exhaust gas from FC anode feedback to the fuel processor to vaporizes the feedstock of methanol and water by a catalytic combusting-evaporator. The hydrogen source system can produce hydrogen 70.5 m3/hr and its specific gravity power and specific volume power reach 255W/kg and 450W/L respectively. During three hours coupling experiment, the fuel processing system and the fuel cells all has been running smoothly. The volume concentration of H2 and CO in product gas (dry basis) was kept in 53% and 20ppm respectively, completely meeting the requirements of PEM fuel cells. The conversion efficiency of the hydrogen producing system based on LHV of fuel and hydrogen can exceed 95.85%. The fuel cells stacks put up strong resistance to CO and its maximum electronic load to the fuel cells reaches 75.5kW. It indicates that it is feasible technically for supplying hydrogen for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by catalytic reforming of hydrogen-rich liquid fuel on-board or on-site.

Activity of Au, Ni, and Au-Ni catalysts in the water-gas shift reaction and carbon monoxide oxidation

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Nikolaev ◽  
E. V. Golubina ◽  
L. M. Kustov ◽  
A. L. Tarasov ◽  
O. P. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Oxidation ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Water Gas Shift Reaction ◽  
Ni Catalysts ◽  
Shift Reaction ◽  
Water Gas

Simulation of Hydrogen Production From Biomass Pyrolysis Gas by Secondary Steam Reforming

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leteng Lin ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Xiaolu Yi ◽  
Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Secondary Steam ◽  
Water Gas

Hydrogen is currently being widely regarded as a futural energy carrier to reduce carbon emissions and other NOx and SOx pollutants. Many researchers have proved that hydrogen can be efficiently used in solid oxide fuel cells -gas turbine system (SOFC-GT) and molten carbonate fuel cells-gas turbine system (MCFC-GT). Hydrogen production from biomass resources offers the advantage of providing a renewable energy carrier for extensive reduction of the CO2 emission. A secondary steam reforming process which consists of steam reforming of methane and water gas shift was proposed to further convert CH4, CO and other hydrocarbons in biomass pyrolysis gas for promoting hydrogen yield. According to respective reaction mechanism, simulating calculations were carried out in two reforming processes separately. With the favor of PRO/II, the effects of reaction temperature and steam to carbon ratio on hydrogen yield were discussed in details in the steam reforming of methane. A reasonable calculation method was established for simulating the water gas shift process in which the effects of temperature and steam to CO ratio was investigated. The simulation made good results in optimizing reaction conditions for two reformers and predicting the volume rate of all gas components. It is proved by simulation that hydrogen-rich gas with >68 mol% H2 could be produced, and the hydrogen yield could reach 48.18 mol H2/(Kg Biomass) and 45.85 mol/(Kg Biomass) respectively when using corn straw and rice husk as feedstock. The experiment data from a related reference was adopted to prove the reasonability of the simulation results which could show the feasibility of secondary steam reforming process, as well as provide good references for practical process operation.

Using nanoporous carbon membranes in fuel cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanathan Ramnarayanan ◽  
Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan ◽  
Thomas E. Mallouk ◽  
Henry C. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Shape Selectivity ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon ◽  
Testing Unit ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Carbon Membranes ◽  
Ideal Candidate ◽  
Water Gas

ABSTRACTWe have synthesized nanoporous carbon membranes that have monodisperse pores of 4–5 Å. These membranes have excellent size and shape selectivity that makes them an ideal candidate for use as separators in fuel cells. The selectivity of these membranes to gases such as N2, O2 and water gas [carbon monoxide and hydrogen] were measured using a permeation testing unit. These membranes were then tested as separators in fuel cells.

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