Coupling Experiment of Compact Integrated Fuel Processors with 75kW PEM Fuel Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 3066-3072
Author(s):  
Li Ming Du
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Fuel Processor ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Coupling Experiment

A compact autothermal reformer suitable for liquid fuel for instance methanol et al. was developed. The fuel reformer was combined with polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEM FC) and a system test of the process chain was successfully performed. The fuel processor consists of a fuel evaporating step, two-stage reformer and a two-stage reactor of water gas shift (WGS, one for high temperature water gas shift and the other for low temperature water gas shifter) and a four-stage preferential oxidation (PROX) reactor and some internal heat exchanger in order to achieve optimized heat integration. The fuel processor is designed to provide enough hydrogen for 75kWel fuel cells. After the initial step of methanol ATR, CO WGS and CO PROX steps are used for 'clean-up' CO. The exhaust gas from FC anode feedback to the fuel processor to vaporizes the feedstock of methanol and water by a catalytic combusting-evaporator. The hydrogen source system can produce hydrogen 70.5 m3/hr and its specific gravity power and specific volume power reach 255W/kg and 450W/L respectively. During three hours coupling experiment, the fuel processing system and the fuel cells all has been running smoothly. The volume concentration of H2 and CO in product gas (dry basis) was kept in 53% and 20ppm respectively, completely meeting the requirements of PEM fuel cells. The conversion efficiency of the hydrogen producing system based on LHV of fuel and hydrogen can exceed 95.85%. The fuel cells stacks put up strong resistance to CO and its maximum electronic load to the fuel cells reaches 75.5kW. It indicates that it is feasible technically for supplying hydrogen for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by catalytic reforming of hydrogen-rich liquid fuel on-board or on-site.

Development of a Medium-Size Steam Reformer for CHP Applications Based on PEM Fuel Cells

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Pisani ◽  
Alberto Zerbinato ◽  
Carlo Tregambe ◽  
Ernesto Benini
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Steam Reformer ◽  
Fuel Processor ◽  
Conversion Performance ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Water Gas

This paper describes technological of a fuel processor for hydrogen production able to convert 10 cubic meters of methane per hour. This device has been developed to feed hydrogen CHP suitable for the most common residential applications. The measured conversion efficiencies are extremely high: after the steam reformer the results are 76%H2; 18%CO2; 0,5%CH4; 5%CO; but the carbon monoxide is totally reduced throughout the water gas shift and the partial oxidation which contemporarily increase the hydrogen to over 77%. According to these results, this fuel processor is one of the first middle sized reformer to achieve, at comparable costs per cubic meter, conversion performance that were normally obtained only by industrial reforming plants.

Production of hydrogen with low COx-content for PEM fuel cells by cyclic water gas shift reactor

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1354-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Galvita ◽  
Torsten Schröder ◽  
Barbara Munder ◽  
Kai Sundmacher
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Water Gas

scholarly journals Low Temperature Water-Gas Shift: Enhancing Stability through Optimizing Rb Loading on Pt/ZrO2

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Caleb Daniel Watson ◽  
Michela Martinelli ◽  
Donald Charles Cronauer ◽  
A. Jeremy Kropf ◽  
Gary Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Catalyst Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Temperature Water

Recent studies have shown that appropriate levels of alkali promotion can significantly improve the rate of low-temperature water gas shift (LT-WGS) on a range of catalysts. At sufficient loadings, the alkali metal can weaken the formate C–H bond and promote formate dehydrogenation, which is the proposed rate determining step in the formate associative mechanism. In a continuation of these studies, the effect of Rb promotion on Pt/ZrO2 is examined herein. Pt/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared with several different Rb loadings and characterized using temperature programmed reduction mass spectrometry (TPR-MS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), an X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) difference procedure, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) fitting, TPR-EXAFS/XANES, and reactor testing. At loadings of 2.79% Rb or higher, a significant shift was seen in the formate ν(CH) band. The results showed that a Rb loading of 4.65%, significantly improves the rate of formate decomposition in the presence of steam via weakening the formate C–H bond. However, excessive rubidium loading led to the increase in stability of a second intermediate, carbonate and inhibited hydrogen transfer reactions on Pt through surface blocking and accelerated agglomeration during catalyst activation. Optimal catalytic performance was achieved with loadings in the range of 0.55–0.93% Rb, where the catalyst maintained high activity and exhibited higher stability in comparison with the unpromoted catalyst.

scholarly journals The Role of Chromium in Iron-based High-Temperature Water-Gas Shift Catalysts under Industrial Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 120465
Author(s):  
M.I. Ariëns ◽  
V. Chlan ◽  
P. Novák ◽  
L.G.A. van de Water ◽  
A.I. Dugulan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
High Temperature Water ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Temperature Water

Low temperature water–gas shift: comparison of thoria and ceria catalysts

2004 ◽  
Vol 267 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Jacobs ◽  
Adam Crawford ◽  
Leann Williams ◽  
Patricia M Patterson ◽  
Burtron H Davis
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Ceria Catalysts ◽  
Water Gas ◽  
Temperature Water
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