Energetic and economic evaluation of the production of acetic acid via ethane oxidation

The direct, one-pot oxidation of ethane to acetic acid was, for the first time, performed using a C-scorpionate complex anchored onto a magnetic core-shell support, the Fe3O4/TiO2/[FeCl2{κ3-HC(pz)3}] composite. This catalytic system, where the magnetic catalyst is easily recovered and reused, is highly selective to the acetic acid synthesis. The performed green metrics calculations highlight the “greeness” of the new ethane oxidation procedure.

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Unprecedented Use of NHC Gold (I) Complexes as Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Ethane to Acetic Acid

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14154294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4294

Author(s):

Ana P. C. Ribeiro ◽

Inês A. S. Matias ◽

Poorya Zargaran ◽

A. Stephen K. Hashmi ◽

Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

High Temperature ◽

Selective Oxidation ◽

Rhodium Catalysts ◽

Ethane Oxidation ◽

Methanol Carbonylation ◽

Mild Conditions ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Conversion Of Methane

The highly efficient eco-friendly synthesis of acetic acid (40% yield) directly from ethane is achieved by the unprecedented use of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and N-heterocyclic oxo-carbene (NHOC) gold(I) catalysts in mild conditions. This is a selective and promising protocol to generate directly acetic acid from ethane, in comparison with the two most used methods: (i) the three-step, capital- and energy-intensive process based on the high-temperature conversion of methane to acetic acid; (ii) the current industrial methanol carbonylation processes, based in iridium and expensive rhodium catalysts. Green metrics determinations highlight the environmental advantages of the new ethane oxidation procedure. Comparison with previous reported published catalysts is performed to highlight the features of this remarkable protocol.

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TECHNO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF NITROCELLULOSE PRODUCTION FROM PALM OIL EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES

ASEAN Engineering Journal ◽

10.11113/aej.v11.18037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 246-254

Author(s):

Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan Panjaitan ◽

Misri Gozan

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Economic Evaluation ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Ammonium Hydroxide ◽

Raw Material ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment

Nitrocellulose is a cellulose derivative that has many potential applications. Nitrocellulose can bemade through nitration reactions by reacting cellulose and nitric acid at low temperatures. Cellulose can be obtained from lignocellulose biomass such as palm oil empty fruit bunches (POEFBs). In this study, techno-economic evaluation of nitrocellulose production from POEFBs was investigated with various types of alkaline and acid pretreatments. Pretreatment of POEFBs with alkaline and acid was used to purify cellulose fraction as raw material for nitrocellulose. The combination process of POEFBs pretreatment with alkaline and acid can be classified into 4 process routes such as ammonium hydroxide and sulfuric acid pretreatment (Route-1), ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid pretreatment (Route-2), sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid pretreatment (Route-3), and sodium hydroxide and acetic acid pretreatment (Route-4). The results showed that ammonium hydroxide and sulfuric acid pretreatment (Route-1) was the most profitable route to produce nitrocellulose. Economic parameter values such as return of investment (ROI), payback period (PBP), net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) from ammonium hydroxide and sulfuric acid pretreatment (Route-1) were 11.49%, 5.85 years, US$ 442,427 and 13.35%.

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