sulfuric acid pretreatment
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2022 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 132452
Author(s):  
Libertus Darus ◽  
Susana Susana ◽  
Halasan Sihombing ◽  
Amaliyah Rohsari Indah Utami ◽  
Maizirwan Mel

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-254
Author(s):  
Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan Panjaitan ◽  
Misri Gozan

Nitrocellulose is a cellulose derivative that has many potential applications. Nitrocellulose can bemade through nitration reactions by reacting cellulose and nitric acid at low temperatures. Cellulose can be obtained from lignocellulose biomass such as palm oil empty fruit bunches (POEFBs). In this study, techno-economic evaluation of nitrocellulose production from POEFBs was investigated with various types of alkaline and acid pretreatments. Pretreatment of POEFBs with alkaline and acid was used to purify cellulose fraction as raw material for nitrocellulose. The combination process of POEFBs pretreatment with alkaline and acid can be classified into 4 process routes such as ammonium hydroxide and sulfuric acid pretreatment (Route-1), ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid pretreatment (Route-2), sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid pretreatment (Route-3), and sodium hydroxide and acetic acid pretreatment (Route-4). The results showed that ammonium hydroxide and sulfuric acid pretreatment (Route-1) was the most profitable route to produce nitrocellulose. Economic parameter values such as return of investment (ROI), payback period (PBP), net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) from ammonium hydroxide and sulfuric acid pretreatment (Route-1) were 11.49%, 5.85 years, US$ 442,427 and 13.35%.


Author(s):  
Elizabeth Jayex Panakkal ◽  
Kraipat Cheenkachorn ◽  
Marttin P. Gundupalli ◽  
Nichaphat Kitiborwornkul ◽  
Malinee Sriariyanun

Author(s):  
Elizabeth Jayex Panakkal ◽  
Malinee Sriariyanun ◽  
Jakaphan Ratanapoompinyo ◽  
Patchanee Yasurin ◽  
Kraipat Cheenkachorn ◽  
...  

Improper disposal of agricultural waste after harvesting season has posed serious health and environmental issues. Alternative methods to utilize agricultural waste to produce a value-added product, especially biofuel, have become the focus of research and industrial stakeholders. To make the process feasible, the maximum conversion should be achieved with the optimum operational condition. This research applied Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the Box-Behnken design (BBD) to optimize sulfuric acid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse by varying three pretreatment factors namely, acid concentration (0.5–3.5%), temperature (60–140℃), and time (20–100 min). Pretreated biomass was enzymatically hydrolyzed, and the effectiveness of pretreatment was examined according to the reducing sugar concentration. However, inhibitors namely, acetic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and furfural were produced during pretreatment, which was analyzed through GC-MS analysis. The Box-Behnken design could optimize and correlate the effect of pretreatment parameters on the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. The optimum pretreatment condition was predicted at an acid concentration of 3.50%, the temperature of 136.08℃, and the time of 75.36 min to obtain the maximum sugar production. Sugarcane bagasse pretreatment at optimum condition could produce a reducing sugar of 180.15 mg/g-sugarcane bagasse, which is 3.06 folds higher than untreated sugarcane bagasse. However, ethanol yield from pretreated biomass was less than unpretreated biomass because of the inhibitor formation. This study provides a new insight into utilizing agricultural waste in a more efficient and eco-friendly manner.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Ehsanipour

This study compared two acidic pretreatments on Source-Separated Organic (SSO) waste preprocessed by Aufbereitungs Technology and System thermal-screw, on the basis of fermentable sugars for bioethanol production. The result showed that the SSO contained on average 27% glucan, 5.4% xylan, 1.2% arabinan, 5.7% mannan and 1.2% galactan. Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment (at 121°C and 16.2 psi) was insufficient to solubilize cellulose and hemicellulose and did not remove much of the lignin. Cellulose-solvent and Organic Solvent-based Lignocellulose Fractionation (COSLIF) (at 50°C and atmospheric pressure) generated high glucose yield (70%). Substituting ethanol for acetone as organic solvent increased the yield to 89.5%. Fermentation using Zymomonas mobilis 8b with this hydrolysate confirmed the pretreatment is promising for the SSO conversion. Amenability of the SSO for biofuel production is validated. Enzymatic hydrolysis of both pretreatments using Accellerase 1500 is preferred over Celluclast 1.5L due to higher activity. Future work includes design of an appropriate batch and/or continuous bioreactor, and further understanding of Zymomonas mobilis 8b.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Ehsanipour

This study compared two acidic pretreatments on Source-Separated Organic (SSO) waste preprocessed by Aufbereitungs Technology and System thermal-screw, on the basis of fermentable sugars for bioethanol production. The result showed that the SSO contained on average 27% glucan, 5.4% xylan, 1.2% arabinan, 5.7% mannan and 1.2% galactan. Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment (at 121°C and 16.2 psi) was insufficient to solubilize cellulose and hemicellulose and did not remove much of the lignin. Cellulose-solvent and Organic Solvent-based Lignocellulose Fractionation (COSLIF) (at 50°C and atmospheric pressure) generated high glucose yield (70%). Substituting ethanol for acetone as organic solvent increased the yield to 89.5%. Fermentation using Zymomonas mobilis 8b with this hydrolysate confirmed the pretreatment is promising for the SSO conversion. Amenability of the SSO for biofuel production is validated. Enzymatic hydrolysis of both pretreatments using Accellerase 1500 is preferred over Celluclast 1.5L due to higher activity. Future work includes design of an appropriate batch and/or continuous bioreactor, and further understanding of Zymomonas mobilis 8b.


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