Rare earth elements (REE) in deep groundwater from granite and fracture-filling calcite in the Tono area, central Japan: Prediction of REE fractionation in paleo- to present-day groundwater

The rare earth elements (REE) are of increasing importance in a variety of science and economic fields, including (bio)geosciences, paleoecology, astrobiology, and mining. Despite their great promise, REE fractionation in early plant-microbe-rock systems has largely remained elusive. We tested the hypothesis that REE mass-partitioning during the incipient weathering of basalt, rhyolite, granite and schist depends on the activity of microbes, plant, and arbuscular mycorrhiza. Pore-water element abundances reflected a rapid transition from abiotic to biotic weathering, the latter associated with lower aqueous loss and higher uptake. Abiotic dissolution contributed 38.6+/-19% to total denudation. Microbes incremented denudation, particularly in rhyolite, this effect associating with decreased bioavailable solid fractions in this rock. Total mobilization (aqueous+uptake) was ten times greater in planted treatments compared to abiotic control, REE masses in plant generally exceeding those in water. Plants of larger biomass further increased solid fractions, consistent with soil genesis. Mycorrhiza had a generally positive effect on total mobilization. The incipient REE weathering was dominated by inorganic dissolution enhanced by biotic respiration, the patterns of denudation largely dictated by mineralogy. A consistent biotic signature was observed in La:phosphate, mobilization:solid fraction in all rocks, as well as in the general pattern of denudation and uptake.

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Clay minerals control rare earth elements (REE) fractionation in Brazilian mangrove soils

CATENA ◽

10.1016/j.catena.2021.105855 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 209 ◽

pp. 105855

Author(s):

Gabriel Ramatis Pugliese Andrade ◽

Javier Cuadros ◽

Jorge Marcos Peniche Barbosa ◽

Pablo Vidal-Torrado

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Clay Minerals ◽

Ree Fractionation ◽

Mangrove Soils

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Hydrothermal redistribution of rare earth elements in Toki granitic rock, central Japan

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology ◽

10.1016/s0169-7722(98)00130-2 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 35 (1-3) ◽

pp. 191-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Y Iida ◽

T Ohnuki ◽

H Isobe ◽

N Yanase ◽

K Sekine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Granitic Rock ◽

Central Japan

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Fractionation of Rare Earth Elements in Greisen and Hydrothermal Veins Related to A-Type Magmatism

Geofluids ◽

10.1155/2019/4523214 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mikael Tillberg ◽

Olga M. Maskenskaya ◽

Henrik Drake ◽

Johan K. Hogmalm ◽

Curt Broman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Fluid Inclusion ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Isotopic Signatures ◽

Vein Formation ◽

Noteworthy Feature ◽

Carbonate Complexation ◽

Ree Fractionation ◽

Multiple Pulses

This study focuses on concentrations and fractionation of rare earth elements (REE) in a variety of minerals and bulk materials of hydrothermal greisen and vein mineralization in Paleoproterozoic monzodiorite to granodiorite related to the intrusion of Mesoproterozoic alkali- and fluorine-rich granite. The greisen consists of coarse-grained quartz, muscovite, and fluorite, whereas the veins mainly contain quartz, calcite, epidote, chlorite, and fluorite in order of abundance. A temporal and thus genetic link between the granite and the greisen/veins is established via high spatial resolution in situ Rb-Sr dating, supported by several other isotopic signatures (δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, δ18O, and δ13C). Fluid-inclusion microthermometry reveals that multiple pulses of moderately to highly saline aqueous to carbonic solutions caused greisenization and vein formation at temperatures above 200–250°C and up to 430°C at the early hydrothermal stage in the veins. Low calculated ∑REE concentration for bulk vein (15 ppm) compared to greisen (75 ppm), country rocks (173–224 ppm), and the intruding granite (320 ppm) points to overall low REE levels in the hydrothermal fluids emanating from the granite. This is explained by efficient REE retention in the granite via incorporation in accessory phosphates, zircon, and fluorite and unfavorable conditions for REE partitioning in fluids at the magmatic and early hydrothermal stages. A noteworthy feature is substantial heavy REE (HREE) enrichment of calcite in the vein system, in contrast to the relatively flat patterns of greisen calcite. The REE fractionation of the vein calcite is explained mainly by fractional crystallization, where the initially precipitated epidote in the veins preferentially incorporates most of the light REE (LREE) pool, leaving a residual fluid enriched in the HREE from which calcite precipitated. Fluorite occurs throughout the system and displays decreasing REE concentrations from granite towards greisen and veins and different fractionation patterns among all these three materials. Taken together, these features confirm efficient REE retention in the early stages of the system and minor control of the REE uptake by mineral-specific partitioning. REE-fractionation patterns and fluid-inclusion data suggest that chloride complexation dominated REE transport during greisenization, whereas carbonate complexation contributed to the HREE enrichment in vein calcite.

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Interaction of rare earth elements and components of the Horonobe deep groundwater

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.133 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 168 ◽

pp. 798-806

Author(s):

Akira Kirishima ◽

Atsushi Kuno ◽

Hiroshi Amamiya ◽

Takumi Kubota ◽

Shingo Kimuro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Deep Groundwater

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Fractionation of rare-earth elements in the processes of hydrothermal ore formation

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology ◽

10.33623/0579-9406-2018-4-59-64 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

M. V. Borisov ◽

D. A. Bychkov ◽

N. F. Pchelintseva ◽

E. A. Ivleva

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Maximum Amount ◽

Hydrothermal Solutions ◽

Ore Formation ◽

Distribution Of Elements ◽

Sharp Growth ◽

Ree Fractionation ◽

Host Rocks ◽

North Ossetia

Data on the distribution of elements across the Pb-Zn section of the Gatsyrovskaya vein (Upper Zgid, North Ossetia, Russia) showed that during the formation of the vein significant changes in the spectra of rare-earth elements (REE) occur in ore samples. The sharp growth of ratios LaN/YbN, LaN/NdN, GdN/HoN, and GdN/YbN is confined to the vein intervals, where the maximum amount of ore components is deposited. A comparison of the REE spectra of ores with the characteristics of the spectra of the near-vein and host rocks suggests that the deposition of the vein material occurred from solutions whose compositions with respect to the REE varied with time. REE fractionation occurred due to the mobilization of components by hydrothermal solutions during their reaction with the host Paleozoic granites.

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Geology and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements Deposits and Occurrences in Finland

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min8080356 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 356 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Thair Al-Ani ◽

Ferenc Molnár ◽

Panu Lintinen ◽

Seppo Leinonen

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Alkaline Rock ◽

High Tech ◽

Carbonatite Complex ◽

Good Potential ◽

Granite Batholith ◽

Ree Fractionation ◽

Hydrothermal Alteration Zones ◽

Different Origins

Rare earth elements (REE) have critical importance in the manufacturing of many electronic products in the high-tech and green-tech industries. Currently, mining and processing of REE is strongly concentrated in China. A substantial growth in global exploration for REE deposits has taken place in the recent years and has resulted in considerable advances in defining new resources. This study provides an overview of the mineralogical and petrological peculiarities of the most important REE prospects and metallogeny of REE in Finland. There is a particularly good potential for future discoveries of carbonatite hosted REE deposits in the Paleozoic Sokli carbonatite complex, as well as in the Paleoproterozoic Korsnäs and Kortejärvi Laivajoki areas. This review also provides information about the highest known REE concentration in the alkaline intrusions of Finland in the Tana Belt and other alkaline rock hosted occurrences (e.g., Otanmäki and Katajakangas). Significant REE enrichments in hydrothermal alteration zones are also known in the Kuusamo Belt (Uuniniemi and Honkilehto), and occurrences of REE-rich mineralisation are also present in granite pegmatite bodies and greisens in central and southern Finland (Kovela monazite granite and the Rapakivi Granite batholith at Vyborg, respectively). REE minerals in all of the localities listed above were identified and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobes (EMPs). In localities of northern and central Finland, both primary rock forming and epigenetic-hydrothermal REE minerals were found, namely phosphates (monazite-Ce, xenotime-Y), fluorcarbonates (bastnäsite-Ce, synchysite), and hydrated carbonates (ancylite-Ce), hydrated aluminium silicates (allanite-Ce, Fe-allanite, cerite, chevkinite), oxides (fergusonite, euxenite) and U-Pb rich minerals. The chondrite normalized REE concentrations, the La/Nd ratios and the REE vs. major element contents in several types of REE bearing minerals from prospects in Finland can be used to identify and define variable REE fractionation processes (carbonatites), as well as to discriminate deposits of different origins.

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