Increased expression of proatherogenic proteins in immune cell subtypes in tobacco cigarette smokers but not in electronic cigarette vapers

It is unknown whether first-generation electronic cigarettes reduce smoking urges and withdrawal symptoms following a 24 h deprivation period. This study tested whether a first-generation electronic cigarette reduces smoking urges and withdrawal symptoms in cigarette smokers. Following 24 h of tobacco deprivation, using a within-subjects design, eight nontreatment seeking tobacco cigarette smokers (3 females) administered 10 puffs from a conventional cigarette or a first-generation electronic cigarette containing liquid with 0, 8 or 16 mg/ml nicotine. Conventional cigarettes ameliorated smoking urges and electronic cigarettes did not, regardless of nicotine concentration. First-generation electronic cigarettes may not effectively substitute for conventional cigarettes in reducing smoking urges, regardless of nicotine concentration.

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A rapid method for the chromatographic analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath of tobacco cigarette and electronic cigarette smokers

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.094 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1410 ◽

pp. 51-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Esther Marco ◽

Joan O. Grimalt

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Rapid Method ◽

Chromatographic Analysis ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Tobacco Cigarette ◽

Volatile Organic

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Influence of Electronic Cigarette Characteristics on Susceptibility, Perceptions, and Abuse Liability Indices among Combustible Tobacco Cigarette Smokers and Non-Smokers

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16101825 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 1825

Author(s):

Cosima Hoetger ◽

Rose S. Bono ◽

Nicole E. Nicksic ◽

Andrew J. Barnes ◽

Caroline O. Cobb

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Abuse Liability ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Mechanical Turk ◽

Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽

Regulatory Domain ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Nicotine Content ◽

Tobacco Cigarette ◽

Carcinogen Exposure

This study assessed how electronic cigarette (ECIG) characteristics amenable to regulation—namely nicotine content, flavor, and modified risk messages—impact ECIG use susceptibility, harm/addiction perceptions, and abuse liability indices among combustible tobacco cigarette (CTC) smokers and non-smokers. CTC smokers and non-smokers varying in ECIG use recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) completed an online survey in 2016 (analytic n = 706). Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions differing in ECIG characteristics: nicotine content (no, low, high), flavor (menthol, tobacco, fruit), or modified risk message (reduced harm, reduced carcinogen exposure). Regressions assessed ECIG susceptibility, harm/addiction perceptions, and abuse liability indices (purchase task measures of breakpoint/intensity) within each regulatory domain (nicotine content, flavor, message) and their interactions with CTC/ECIG status. Differential effects on ECIG susceptibility, harm/addiction perceptions, and abuse liability indices were observed by regulatory domain with many effects moderated by CTC/ECIG status. ECIG nicotine content and flavor conditions were the most influential across outcomes. Greater nicotine content, tobacco-flavored and reduced carcinogen exposure ECIGs were more highly preferred by CTC smokers with some differing preferences for non-users. Findings reinforce consideration of discrete ECIG preferences across tobacco use status to improve regulatory efficacy.

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Expression of Key Inflammatory Proteins Is Increased in Immune Cells From Tobacco Cigarette Smokers But Not Electronic Cigarette Vapers: Implications for Atherosclerosis

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.120.019324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Theodoros Kelesidis ◽

Yuyan Zhang ◽

Elizabeth Tran ◽

Grace Sosa ◽

Holly R. Middlekauff

Keyword(s):

Immune Cells ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Tobacco Cigarette ◽

Inflammatory Proteins

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Effects of Electronic Cigarette Liquid Flavors and Modified Risk Messages on Perceptions and Subjective Effects of E-Cigarettes

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198118806965 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 197-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rose S. Bono ◽

Andrew J. Barnes ◽

Rebecca C. Lester ◽

Caroline O. Cobb

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Control ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Subjective Effects ◽

Mixed Effects ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Linear Mixed Effects ◽

Within Subjects ◽

Carcinogen Exposure

Understanding how two characteristics—flavors and modified risk messages—affect perceptions and subjective effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) can inform tobacco control efforts. In two within-subjects studies ( N = 17 and N = 19), the effects of e-cigarette flavors (tobacco vs. menthol and unflavored vs. cherry) and hypothetical modified risk messages (“reduced harm relative to cigarettes” vs. no message and “reduced carcinogen exposure relative to cigarettes” vs. no message) on cigarette smokers’ perceptions of e-cigarettes were measured after participants self-administered condition-specific products (own-brand cigarettes; e-cigarettes). Perceptions/subjective effects were tested using linear mixed-effects regressions. Cigarettes were perceived as most harmful but rated more positively than e-cigarettes ( ps < .05). Cherry and menthol e-cigarettes increased perceived pleasantness, taste, and physical sensations compared with unflavored and tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes, respectively ( ps < .05). Modified risk messages were associated with reduced ratings of aversive effects ( ps < .05) but not harm perceptions. Overall, few perceptions/subjective effects differed by e-cigarette flavor or message. Flavors and messages may have some influence on how smokers experience e-cigarettes.

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Abstract 554: Mitochondrial Biomarkers for Assessing Early Tobacco Product Induced Cardiovascular Injury in Human Participants

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.554 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica L Fetterman ◽

Monica Holbrook ◽

Brittany D Berk ◽

Robert M Weisbrod ◽

Elica Inagaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Tobacco Cigarette ◽

Oxidant Production

Smoking is a major cause of preventable cardiovascular deaths worldwide. A number of new and emerging tobacco-related products including electronic(e)-cigarettes have become readily available as tobacco cigarette alternatives and are often marketed as being less harmful despite growing evidence that toxic aldehydes are absorbed into the circulation following use. However, there is insufficient scientific data to develop policy to regulate and evaluate the claims and toxicity of new tobacco-related products. Prior studies suggest that tobacco cigarette smoking induces cardiovascular oxidative stress which may be linked to mitochondrial abnormalities. Mitochondria are key cellular organelles that are sensitive to environmental toxins and are essential for maintaining cardiovascular health. Upon exposure to environmental stressors, mitochondria become damaged characterized by elevated oxidant production which drives further damage and oxidative stress. Hence, measures of mitochondrial function and damage may serve as novel biomarkers of tobacco product induced injury. We measured mitochondrial biomarkers as a detector of early toxicity of tobacco product-induced injury in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from non-smoking controls, tobacco cigarette smokers, and e-cigarette users. Following antimycin A stimulation, mitochondrial oxidant production was elevated in PBMCs from both tobacco cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users compared to cells from non-smokers (8.5±0.6, 9.8±0.9 vs 7.0±0.4, p=0.03). Additionally, we assessed the mitochondrial oxidant production in vascular tissue from people utilizing novel techniques developed within our laboratory that allow us to study freshly isolated endothelial cells. Early preliminary data in freshly isolated venous endothelial cells from tobacco cigarette smokers suggests that mitochondrial oxidant production is elevated compared to cells from non-smokers (1.47±0.38 vs 0.96±0.1). This further suggests that mitochondrial biomarkers may have enhanced early sensitivity to tobacco product toxicity prior to overt clinical disease. Whether mitochondrial biomarkers relate to measures of vascular function will be the subject of future studies.

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