Analysis of the kinetic chain in asymptomatic individuals with and without scapular dyskinesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Doria Pires ◽  
Paula Rezende Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

The adjunctive benefits of mirror cross education on kinetic chain exercise approach in volleyball athletes with scapular dyskinesis

2022 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios PARASKEVOPOULOS ◽  
Theocharis SIMEONIDIS ◽  
Charilaos TSOLAKIS ◽  
Panagiotis KOULOUVARIS ◽  
Maria PAPANDREOU
Keyword(s):  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Cross Education

scholarly journals Scapuladyskinesis: a vállelváltozások origója?

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (15) ◽  
pp. 587-594
Author(s):  
Dominik Norbert Kovács ◽  
Márton Moldoványi ◽  
Veronika Varga ◽  
Márta Hock ◽  
Eleonóra Leidecker
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shoulder Pathologies

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A megváltozott statikus és/vagy dinamikus lapockapozíciót, azaz a scapuladyskinesist gyakran vonják párhuzamba a vállelváltozásokkal. Mindemellett a lapocka kinematikai eltérései nagy számban jelen lehetnek tünetmentes egyéneknél is, melegágyat biztosítva a későbbi vállelváltozások kialakulásának. Célkitűzés: Munkánk fő célja az volt, hogy felhívja a figyelmet ezen problémakör fontosságára, valamint hogy megvizsgálja a scapuladyskinesis előfordulásának gyakoriságát és körülményeit az átlagpopulációban. Módszer: Mintánk 70 főből állt (átlagéletkor: 22,17 ± 1,77 év). 67%-uk férfi, míg 33%-uk nő volt. A scapuladyskinesis fennállását McClure-féle ’Scapular Dyskinesis Test’-tel vizsgáltuk. A résztvevők vállfájdalmának intenzitását vizuális analóg skála segítségével, habituális testtartásukat fotogrammetriás módszerrel, főbb lapockastabilizáló izmaik izomerejét pedig Kendall-féle manuális izomerőtesztekkel mértük fel. Mindemellett felvettük antropometriai adataikat, valamint megkérdeztük, hogy milyen gyakran végeznek sporttevékenységet. Eredmények: A résztvevők 53%-ánál találtunk valamilyen fokú scapuladyskinesist. A habituális testtartást vizsgáló fotogrammetriás felmérés eredményei és a scapuladyskinesist mérő McClure-féle teszt eredményei között szignifikáns összefüggést találtunk (p = 0,01). A sportolási gyakoriság és a scapuladyskinesis előfordulása között jelentős összefüggést tapasztaltunk (p = 0,01). A fájdalom erőssége és a scapuladyskinesis előfordulása között szignifikáns volt az összefüggés (p = 0,03). A scapuladyskinesist mérő McClure-féle teszt és az azonos oldali felső végtagon izomerő-csökkenést mutató tesztek eredményei között szintén szignifikáns összefüggést tapasztaltunk (p = 0,01). Következtetés: Az elit sportolók mellett az átlagos populációban is jelentős mértékben jelen lehetnek a lapocka kinematikai eltérései. Mindez jelentős összefüggésben állhat az adott személy életmódjával és egészségmagatartásával, valamint kiemelt szerepet játszhat a krónikus vállfájdalom kialakulásában. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(15): 587–594. Summary. Introduction: The altered static and/or dynamic scapular position, i. e., scapular dyskinesis, is often paralleled with shoulder pathologies. However, shoulder kinematic abnormalities may also be present in large numbers in asymptomatic individuals. Objective: The main goal of our work was to draw attention to the importance of scapular dyskinesis in shoulder pathologies. Method: The final sample consisted of 70 people (average age: 22.17 ± 1.77 years), 67% of them was male and 33% female. The presence of scapular dyskinesis was assessed by McClure’s Scapular Dyskinesis Test. Visual analog scale was used to examine the shoulder pain of the participants, photogrammetric method was used to document their habitual posture. Kendall’s manual muscle testing methods were used to determine the muscle strength of the individual muscles of the shoulder girdle; we also recorded their anthropometric data and asked them about their sporting habits. Results: In 53% of the participants, some degree of scapular dyskinesis was found. We observed significant correlation between the sporting habits and scapular dyskinesis (p = 0.01). Significant correlation was observed between the posture and scapular dyskinesis (p = 0.01). Between the strength of pain and the dyskinesis, we found a significant correlation (p = 0.03). There was a significant correlation between the results of the McClure’s test and the tests showing muscle strength loss around the scapula (p = 0.01). Conclusion: In addition to elite athletes, scapular dyskinesis may also be significantly present in the average population and can play a key role in the development of shoulder pain. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(15): 587–594.

Mirror Cross-Exercise on a Kinetic Chain Approach Improves Throwing Performance in Professional Volleyball Athletes With Scapular Dyskinesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Paraskevopoulos ◽  
Theocharis Simeonidis ◽  
Charilaos Tsolakis ◽  
Panagiotis Koulouvaris ◽  
Maria Papandreou
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Accuracy Speed

Context: Volleyball players have shown to be at an increased risk of developing scapular dyskinesis. The kinetic chain exercise approach has gained a lot of attention because of its claims to provide an improved motor control and scapular kinematics. A form of cross exercise, known as mirror therapy, may enhance the effects of a kinetic chain exercise approach in throwing performance. Objective: To examine the effects of mirror cross exercise (MCE), based on a kinetic chain exercise approach in the throwing performance of volleyball athletes with scapular dyskinesis. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Methods: 39 volleyball players with scapular dyskinesis were randomly allocated into 3 groups. The first group completed a 6-week kinetic chain approach (KCA group), the second group completed a kinetic chain exercise approach program in addition to MCE group, and the control group followed only their regular training program. Before and after delivering both interventions, throwing accuracy, speed, and force were determined while measuring the ground reaction forces of the drive leg during throwing. Two-way mixed analysis of variance investigated the effects of intervention and time and their interaction. Results: The results showed intervention × time statistically significant interactions for throwing accuracy, speed, and force for the MCE and the KCA groups. Over the 6-week training period, the MCE and the KCA groups showed significant improvements in throwing accuracy (P < .01) and speed (P < .01), while the ground reaction forces did not change (P > .05). Throwing force increased significantly in the MCE group (P = .01). Between-group comparison showed statistically significant improvements in the throwing accuracy for the MCE and KCA groups against the control group (P < .01) at posttesting. The MCE demonstrated superior results over the KCA in the aforementioned measures. Conclusions: This study suggests that the addition of MCE in a KCA program enhances energy transfer throughout the distal and proximal segments, thus improving kinetic chain recruitment and potentially preventing shoulder pathology.

Effects of Scapular Kinetic-Chain Exercise on Muscle Activity in Overhead-Pitching Baseball Players

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Jae SONG ◽  
Jin-Ho YOON ◽  
Jae-Keun OH
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Coracoid Process ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Serratus Anterior ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
The Mean

Background: We aimed to demonstrate the effect of 8 wk of scapular kinetic-chain exercise on muscle activity in collegiate baseball players diagnosed with scapular dyskinesis. Methods: The subjects were career baseball players with at least a 7-year career assigned into either a SICK (S; scapular malposition, I; inferior border prominence, C; coracoid process pain, K; scapular dyskinesis; n=7) group or a normal group (n=16), respectively. The groups were further divided into SICK-Dominant, SICKNon-Dominant, Normal-Dominant, and Normal-Non-Dominant to examine the dominant and non-dominant deviation of each group. Twenty-three subjects finally recruited through the Sports Science Institute of Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea in Sep 2014. Subjects were only allowed drug treatment for acute injuries during matches or training, and matches, training, and diet were controlled by university dormitory life. Results: There was a significant increase in maximal muscular activation (MA) in elevation motion of NormalDominant upper trapezii (UT), mean MA of SICK-Dominant UT, and mean MA of SICK-Dominant lower trapezii (LT) (P<0.05). In depression motion, the mean MAs of SICK-Dominant, Normal-Dominant, and Normal-Non-Dominant UT were significantly increased (P<0.05). The maximal MA of Normal-Dominant LT was significantly increased (P=0.029), and the SICK-Dominant and Normal-Dominant groups showed significantly higher maximal and mean MAs after exercise compared with the Normal-Non-Dominant group (P<0.05). The maximal MA of SICK-Dominant musculi serratus anterior was significantly lower than NormalDominant at pre-test (P=0.034), and the mean MA of SICK-Dominant musculi serratus anterior differed from Normal-Dominant and Normal-Non-Dominant (P<0.05) before testing, but only from Normal-Non-Dominant after testing (P=0.031). Conclusion: Scapular kinetic-chain exercise improved muscle activation in both overhead-pitching players with scapular dyskinesis and normal players.

Effect of Increased Scapular Internal Rotation on Glenohumeral External Rotation and Elbow Valgus Load in the Late Cocking Phase of Throwing Motion

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 3182-3188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Itami ◽  
Teruhisa Mihata ◽  
Michelle H. McGarry ◽  
Charles C. Lin ◽  
Nilay A. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Ulnar Collateral Ligament ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Kinetic Chain ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Joint Gap ◽  
Intact Condition ◽  
Fresh Frozen

Background: Scapular dyskinesis among throwers is thought to affect kinetic chain function and increase the load demands on the shoulder and/or elbow. However, the biomechanical relationship between scapular orientation and elbow valgus load, which is associated with ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury, has not been determined. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of increased scapular internal rotation (IR) and glenohumeral external rotation (GHER) on elbow valgus load in a static simulation of the late cocking phase of throwing. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Seven fresh-frozen male cadaveric upper extremities were used with a custom testing system to simulate the late cocking phase. First, the authors evaluated the effect of increasing scapular IR on maximum GHER and forearm angle (forearm axis relative to the ground). Each parameter was evaluated at 20° to 40° (5° increments) of scapular IR by applying 2.2-N·m external rotation torque to the humerus and 0.75-N·m valgus torque to the forearm. Next, to evaluate elbow valgus stability, the humerus was locked in maximal GHER at 40° of scapular IR, and sequentially increasing torque (0.75-7.5 N·m by 0.75-N·m increments) was applied to the forearm. Valgus angle and joint gap were evaluated at each torque. Results: Increases in scapular IR ≥5° significantly decreased GHER ( P < .01). With increasing valgus torque, forearm angle also increased linearly ( R2 = 0.85, P < .001). To compensate for the GHER deficit at 40° of scapular IR, a linear regression model showed that 25.3 N·m of valgus torque would be necessary to reach the original forearm position. In the intact condition, applying elbow valgus torque ≥5.25 N·m significantly increased valgus angle and the joint gap ( P < .01). Conclusion: Increased scapular IR significantly decreased GHER. Compensation for the GHER deficit significantly increased the elbow valgus load required to reach the same forearm position. Clinical Relevance: Increased scapular IR may increase the risk of elbow UCL injury among throwing athletes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Scapular Muscles Activation with Shoulder Retraction and Shoulder Elevations in Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesia

2019 ◽  
pp. 658-664
Author(s):  
P. Gautami Easwaran ◽  
Urvashi Sharma ◽  
Tushar J. Palekar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesis ◽  
Stability Range ◽  
Scapular Dyskinesia ◽  
Group A ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Group B

<p><strong>Background: </strong><br /> Scapular dyskinesis is a condition that is commonly associated with shoulder pathology but is also present in asymptomatic individuals, and it is believed to be a risk factor for further injury. Evidence suggests that patients with rotator cuff–related shoulder pain present scapular kinematic abnormalities such as decreased scapular upward rotation, decreased scapular posterior tipping, and external rotation. It has been proposed that abnormal scapular kinematics may be linked to weakness of scapular muscle. <br /> Muscle Activation is a very specific, non-medical, mechanically based process of evaluating and treating muscular imbalance and dysfunction. Its main goal is to increase the contractile capability of your muscles, resulting in increased strength, stability, range of motion, and reduced muscle and joint pain. <br /> The study was conducted to determine whether shoulder elevations and retractions showed any difference in the interscapular distance in indivudals with scapular dyskinesia.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong></p> <ol> <li>To assess Interscapular distance post shoulder retraction exercise.</li> <li>To assess Interscapular distance post shoulder shrugging exercise.</li> <li>To assess Interscapular distance post shoulder retraction + shrugging exercise.</li> <li>To compare the effectiveness of these exercises on scapular dyskinesia.</li> </ol> <p><strong>Materials and Methodology:</strong><br /> An intervention based study comprising of 30 female individuals. The subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups, Group A was given combined exercises of shoulder retraction and elevations. Group B was given shoulder retraction and Group C was given shoulder elevations.The samples were assessed pre and post with the help of Interscapular distance.<br /><strong>Results:</strong><br /> Shoulder retractions when given along with shoulder elevations was clinically significant pre and post . Likewise, Shoulder retractions and elevations when given separately were also clinically significant pre and post. The comparison of all the three groups showed that all were equally effective in treating scapular dyskinesia. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong><br /> The study concludes that all three forms of exercise showed similar results in reducing the Inter scapular distance in individuals with scapular dyskinesia.</p>

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