scholarly journals Exploring the influence of ownership history on object valuation in typical development and autism

Cognition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 104187
Author(s):  
Calum Hartley ◽  
Sophie Fisher ◽  
Naomi Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Typical Development ◽  
Object Valuation

Beyond autism: Challenging unexamined assumptions about social motivation in typical development

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Bartsch ◽  
David Estes
Keyword(s):  
Social Interest ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
New Approaches

Abstract In challenging the assumption of autistic social uninterest, Jaswal & Akhtar have opened the door to scrutinizing similar unexamined assumptions embedded in other literatures, such as those on children's typically developing behaviors regarding others’ minds and morals. Extending skeptical analysis to other areas may reveal new approaches for evaluating competing claims regarding social interest in autistic individuals.

The Role Of Motion Games On The Development Of Children With Special Needs In The Primary Cycle

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Iuliana-Luminita Constantin ◽  
Marin Chirazi
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Special School ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Regular School ◽  
Primary Cycle ◽  
Rules Of The Game

The purpose of this research is to highlight the role of the games of movement on the development and social integration of children with special educational requirements from the primary cycle, studying the theme in the literature. According to statistics in the field over the last years, there has been an increase in the number of children with special needs in regular schools. Thus, children who a few years ago would have been included in a special school, today have facilities at a regular school, along with children with typical development and have a similar curriculum to follow [7]. This is why motion games are a method, an important opportunity to integrate children with special requirements in a collective, because through them children cooperate (working in groups or pairs) making new friends, no longer feeling rejected, communication becomes easier, collaborates to achieve the goal of the game, support each other, become more responsible by observing the rules of the game and accept each other as they are. The game develops the ability to adapt easily to new situations, increases effort capacity, teaches children to be careful and develops their confidence. Due to the fact that movement games are performed more in group, they provide socialization, but they must be adapted according to the child's deficiency. Conclusion: We have found that motion games are an effective way to integrate children with special educational needs into a collective, because through them children make new friends easier, they are accepted in collectivity, communication becomes easier, they support and understand each other and most importantly accepted as they are. Through the game children feel free to act.

Parents' Beliefs About Children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Parental Practices ◽  
Children's Development ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Children’S Development

This book addresses what parents believe about children—both children in general and their own children in particular. Its scope is broad, encompassing beliefs directed to numerous aspects of children’s development in both the cognitive and social realms, developments that span the age periods from birth through adolescence. Although the focus is on typical development, departures from the norm in both children’s functioning and parental practices are also discussed. Four questions are addressed for every topic considered: What is the nature of parents’ beliefs? What are the origins of parents’ beliefs? How do parents’ beliefs relate to parents’ behavior? And how do parents’ beliefs relate to children’s development? These questions tie in to long-standing theoretical issues in psychology, they are central to our understanding of both parenting practices and children’s development, and they speak to some of the most important pragmatic issues for which psychology can provide answers. The major goal of the book is to convey the main conclusions from the large body of work that has addressed these questions. Because much still remains to be learned, a second goal is to identify needed directions for further study.

Are there anthropometric and body composition differences between children with autism spectrum disorder and children with typical development? Analysis by age and spectrum severity in a school population

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132098772
Author(s):  
Patricia Esteban-Figuerola ◽  
Paula Morales-Hidalgo ◽  
Victoria Arija-Val ◽  
Josefa Canals-Sans
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist Height Ratio

Overweight and obesity have been reported to be more prevalent in populations with autism spectrum disorder than in children with typical development. The aim of this study was to compare the anthropometric status of children with autism spectrum disorder (diagnosed and subclinical) and children with typical development and analyse which variables can affect the anthropometric and health status of children with autism spectrum disorder. We present a two-phase epidemiological study in a school population of two age groups which assesses autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, anthropometric data and bioelectrical impedance analysis. From an initial sample of 3,713 children, 79 with autism spectrum disorder, 42 with subclinical autism spectrum disorder and 350 with typical development participated in the study. Pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder were taller than pre-schoolers with typical development. School-age children with autism spectrum disorder showed a significantly higher body mass index and rate of overweight/obesity than children with typical development (63.4% vs 46.3%). No significant differences were found for bioelectrical impedance analysis, but school-age children with autism spectrum disorder showed a significantly higher waist circumference, waist/height ratio and cardiovascular risk than children with typical development. The quality of the diet was lower in children with autism spectrum disorder than in children with typical development. Multiple regression analyses showed that having autism spectrum disorder and internalizing psychological problems were associated with waist/height ratio and high cardiovascular risk in school-age children. Lay abstract This study makes a comparison between the growth status of pre-school and school-age children with autism spectrum disorder and typical development children. Pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder were taller than children with typical development. School-age children with autism spectrum disorder were more overweight/obese, had more body fat and a greater waist circumference and waist/height ratio than children with typical development. The presence of autism spectrum disorder and internalizing problems was associated with cardiovascular risk in school-age children.

scholarly journals Eye gaze differences in school scenes between preschool children and adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and those with typical development

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Ishizaki ◽  
Takahiro Higuchi ◽  
Yoshitoki Yanagimoto ◽  
Hodaka Kobayashi ◽  
Atsushi Noritake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Psychosomatic Symptoms ◽  
Children With Asd

Abstract Background Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience difficulty adapting to daily life in a preschool or school settings and are likely to develop psychosomatic symptoms. For a better understanding of the difficulties experienced daily by preschool children and adolescents with ASD, this study investigated differences in eye gaze behavior in the classroom environment between children with ASD and those with typical development (TD). Methods The study evaluated 30 children with ASD and 49 children with TD. Participants were presented with images of a human face and a classroom scene. While they gazed at specific regions of visual stimuli, eye tracking with an iView X system was used to evaluate and compare the duration of gaze time between the two groups. Results Compared with preschool children with TD, preschool children with ASD spent less time gazing at the eyes of the human face and the object at which the teacher pointed in the classroom image. Preschool children with TD who had no classroom experience tended to look at the object the teacher pointed at in the classroom image. Conclusion Children with ASD did not look at the human eyes in the facial image or the object pointed at in the classroom image, which may indicate their inability to analyze situations, understand instruction in a classroom, or act appropriately in a group. This suggests that this gaze behavior of children with ASD causes social maladaptation and psychosomatic symptoms. A therapeutic approach that focuses on joint attention is desirable for improving the ability of children with ASD to adapt to their social environment.

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