Characterization of the significant decline in humoral immune response six months post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: A systematic review

Accumulating evidence shows a progressive decline in the efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines such as Pfizer-BioNTech (mRNA BNT161b2) and Moderna (mRNA-1273) in preventing breakthrough infections due to diminishing humoral immunity over time. Thus, this review characterizes the kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) antibodies after the second dose of a primary cycle of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. A systematic search of literature was performed and a total of 18 studies (N=15,980) were identified and reviewed. The percent difference of means of reported antibody titers were then calculated to determine the decline in humoral response after the peak levels post-vaccination. Findings revealed that the peak humoral response was reached at 21-28 days after the second dose, after which serum levels progressively diminished at 4-6 months post-vaccination. Additionally, results showed that regardless of age, sex, serostatus and presence of comorbidities, longitudinal data reporting antibody measurement exhibited a decline of both anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG and anti-spike IgG, ranging from 94-95% at 90-180 days and 55-85% at 140-160 days, respectively, after the peak antibody response. This suggests that the rate of antibody decline may be independent of patient-related factors and peak antibody titers but mainly a function of time and antibody class/molecular target. Hence, this study highlights the necessity of more efficient vaccination strategies to provide booster administration in attenuating the effects of waning immunity, especially in the appearance of new variants of concerns (VoCs).

Simulation of an Advanced Geothermal Energy Conversion Plant in Perú

This investigation aims to simulate an efficient plant that generates energy through a solar-geothermal hybrid energy conversion system with supercritical steam, Therminol VP1, geothermal fluid and R134a refrigerant. The goal is to exemplify a hybrid solution that optimizes and takes advantage of the existing properties of the solar and geothermal power cycles. The geothermal part of the process, the primary cycle, is augmented by the solar thermal cycle to obtain a high-efficiency result. In addition, it allows the reader to understand the ideal process of this type of plant and a thermodynamic analysis represented by creating a detailed model block flow diagram, which is then turned into a dynamic one used to examine the selected parameters such as temperature, flow rate, and pressure variations. The dynamic model approximated the thermal values of the heat exchangers and the working fluids in the exchangers, solar collectors, piping and in the storage tanks.

The practice of the Investigation process: the impact of cognitive conflict on the improvement of the training of concept «Composition of inspired air and expired air» for the pupils of primary cycle.

The first one left this research concerns the place of cognitive conflict in the Investigation on the alert scientific at the level of primary education. The second part is interested in the impact of cognitive conflict on the improvement of training. The methodology rests the basics on a question put down to the pupils of sixth primary year in different Tunisian schools by the way the composition of air which they inspire and that of the air which is expired. Answers given by the pupils show well that there is a problem linked to previous erroneous conception. Our research aims at improving the training of this concept by cognitive conflict. Therefore, we worked out for the pupils an experience based on observation and text given to every pupil allowing a cognitive conflict and objective is to cause a conceptual change. Obtained results show a positive impact of cognitive conflict on the acquisition of this concept and training improvement.

On the Primary School Achievement Certificate (PSAC) assessment reform

We offer a critical appraisal of the Primary School Achievement Certificate (PSAC) assessment in the context of the Nine-Year Continuous Basic Education, which is the latest education policy reform implemented in Mauritius. The PSAC is an essential element of the new assessment framework for basic education since it is meant to evaluate and certify students’ achievement at the end of the primary cycle. Performance is used to stream students going into lower-secondary education according to their learning needs. Hence, the PSAC assessment has replaced the once much contested Certificate of Primary Education (CPE) examination. Using Bronfenbrenner’s model of child development, we look at the issues related to CPE examinations, and how these motivated the need for the PSAC. We then examine the various aspects of the PSAC and elaborate on how the main features of the assessment could be improved to ensure reliable, fair and valid evaluation of students.

Conditional Parenting and its Influence on the Child’s School Activity

This article addresses the topic of conditional parenting, and it focuses on analyzing the relationship between parenting and the school activity of the student at the level of primary education. Conditional parenting, which provides the child with conditional love and self-esteem, it stands out by: focusing on the child's behavior, considering that human nature is negative and parental love is a privilege that must be earned, also being the adept of punishments and rewards. Conditional love entails the parent's desire to have an obedient child, obedience being the basis of control. `How could an obedient and conditional loved child develop competencies for the future? How well will he meets the demands of today's school or how will he relate to the faculty? These are the questions that have guided the approach of the whole mixed type research, that has been carried out over a period of half a year, using the following methods: questionnaire based survey and focus group method. Through this research, conclusions were drawn regarding conditional parenting and its influence on school activity of the pupil in the primary cycle. Starting from the interpretation of the research results, it was highlighted that the relationships between children and parents based on safety and unconditional love have contributed to the harmonious development of the child and to the skills for the future, through school.

Physical Education in Moroccan primary schools: What Contributions to the Development of Children's Personalities

In Morocco, physical education (PE) in primary school is justified by its contribution to the integral formation of children. It has a positive impact on the development of the personality of those who invest in it. This is the reason why PE is included as a separate subject in the curricula of the different levels of the primary cycle. However, several factors minimise the effect of practising PE in schools and make it difficult for PE to make a real contribution to the development of children's personalities.This article therefore sets out to show that in the absence of rational programming, qualified physical educators and suitable and sufficient material conditions, PE cannot claim to make a real contribution to the development of children's personality.

Implications of Philately in Highlighting Geometric Features for the Primary Cycle

The development of mathematical skills, especially those specific to geometry, for the primary cycle is a triple challenge in the current context of education in Romania. The first of the challenges is given by the fact that classical education, but also the online one, has become an activity, still unstructured, concerning movements, decisions, and political pressures, implicitly with the changes that occurred in the ministerial apparatus. The second challenge is given by the methodological changes and of the school curriculum, which comes as a completion of the first challenge, being felt even in the teaching-learning-evaluation specific to geometry. The third challenge is given by the weight that teachers face in making geometry a discipline that appeals to students, attractive. In this sense, the challenge for us is to show that this triple barrier can be overcome. As such, the present study proposes a mixed method of presenting the geometric contents in the classroom for the preparatory group, class I and II, through the prism of the instruments offered by the Romanian thematic philately. The results of the study are presented in the form of worksheets, of which we present only fragments to summarize the possibilities arising from the association of thematic philately with notions of geometry.

Implications of Philately in the Development of Mathematical Skills for the Primary Cycle

The development of mathematical skills for the primary cycle is a triple challenge in the current context of education in Romania. The first of the challenges is given by the fact that education has become an activity still unstructured with political movements and decisions, implicitly with the changes that have taken place in the ministerial apparatus. The second challenge is given by the methodological changes and of the school curriculum, which comes as a completion of the first challenge, and the third challenge is given by the weight of the teachers in making mathematics an attractive discipline. In this sense, the challenge for us is to show that this triple barrier can be overcome. As such, in the present study, a mixed-method of presenting the mathematical contents in the classroom is proposed, especially for the preparatory group, class I and II, through the prism of the instruments offered by the Romanian thematic philately. The results of the study are presented in the form of worksheets, of which we present only excerpts to summarize the possibilities arising from the association of philately with notions of mathematics training for the primary cycle.

APPLYING ASSOCIATION TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO THE EFL STUDENTS

This paper pointed toward examining the application of association technique in showing EFL vocabulary to the students. This exploration utilized a cooperative study hall activity research plan and it was carried out as cycles comprising of four significant advances: arranging, executing, noticing and reflecting. The subject of the exploration was 50 students in Indonesia. The instruments used to gather information were test, perception agendas, and field notes. This exploration was finished in two cycles in light of the fact that the aftereffects of the examination in the primary cycle didn't meet the rules of accomplishment. Every one of cycle involves four gatherings. The discoveries of the exploration showed that the applying of strategy in training English can build students' vocabulary dominance. This is appeared by the students' fruitful rate in cycle I was 22 (44%), in Cycle II and the quantity of the students who got scores at any rate 6.5 or more noteworthy was 41 (82%). Likewise, the students gave positive reaction toward the perception agenda result, in particular: eagerness, inspiration, interest, reaction, and progress. It very well may be reasoned that the association technique is successful and material in educating vocabulary.

Engineering Emotional Intelligence in Moroccan Primary School

The Moroccan socio-economic context is more and more weakened by a dynamic of accelerated measures aimed at redressing the financial deficits of the state. The first emotionally impacted by this dynamic are parents and therefore their children who begin to live in a universe dominated by fluctuations and unforeseen events.This article will therefore explore the emotional situation of Moroccan pupils at the beginning of schooling and identify their needs in this area, in order to initiate a dynamic of engineering emotional intelligence in primary school.The study was carried out in 3 school groups in Casablanca on a mixed population of 160 pupils and was spread out over a month. The used tools comprised interviews with survey filling to measure the degree of awareness of emotions on the part of these pupils and their teachers. Subsequently, the population was subjected to two tests respectively of impulses control and team spirit.The results show an initial dominance of emotions in the studied population and demonstrate the major interest of a gradual integration of emotional intelligence courses in the primary cycle of education.