POLYPHENOLS IN OLIVE LEAVES AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ROLE -A BRIEF REVIEW

Exercise and sports can often be associated with oxidative stress, which is why modulation of oxidative stress in these situations is important. One of the natural remedies that has proven to be very useful antioxidant, due to its composition, is the oliveleaf extract.Olive leaves. The leaves are considered a by-product of the olive. Freezing techniques as well as leaf drying techniques influence the composition in polyphenols. The leaves have a high content of bioactive phenolic compounds. The most abundant compound in olive leaves is oleuropein, followed by hydroxytyrosol. Olive leaves have been used in the human diet in the form of extracts, tea and powder but also in the realization of traditional remedies in the Mediterranean countries. The compounds in olive leaves have been shown to have multiple beneficial properties, such as antioxidants. compared to olive oil.Instead of conclusions.Due to their rich polyphenolic composition, olive leaves have strong antioxidant effects, proven by traditional use and scientific studies.

HANDBALL PLAYER’S RECOVERY AFTER THE INJURY OF THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

In this study, we have tried to make a recovery treatment with kinetic exercises, for the postoperative recovery of the rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and its reconstruction by ligamentoplasty, of a performance handball player, active for 13 years, male, 24 years old, in helping him return to his sporting life and the active life he has, in the shortest possible time. Thereason why I chose to do this study is obvious in the foreground being my personal recovery after ligamentoplasty, also to improve my theoretical and practical knowledge about this condition, and as a physiotherapist to be able to help other athletes, colleagues, who face the problem of returning to the sports field as soon as possible, and to have the same performance as before the surgery. The duration of the kinetic recovery program was 5 weeks, starting from the first day after the intervention. This program began with an initial assessment by joint testing and muscle testing on the first day, before starting the proposed recovery program. The physiotherapy program consists of 26 exercises, which can be done in a physiotherapy room, with the help of a physiotherapist. This program was applied twice a day to theresearch subject, obtaining positive results.

EFFECT OF HIGH PROTEIN DIET IN ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND LEVEL OF INFLAMMATION ON SPRINT ATHLETE

This study aims to analyze the effect of a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet to increase the level of antioxidant, decrease inflammation and improve performance of athlete. The research was carried out by experimental research methods, within the design of "Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design".A sample was taken from 20 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 30 teenage athletes in PASI East Java sprints. The Data were collected by measuring the sprint results by finish photo camera and laboratory examinations to determine the levels of antioxidants (SOD) and the inflammation degree (TNF α)in blood. The data were analyzed using multivariate technique (Manova) Hotelling's method (T2). Hypothesis testing using α0.05. The results and conclusions of the study stated that the normal diet had no effect on the variables of sprint running speed, SOD and TNF-α levels. While low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet can increase SOD levels of 211.44 /gHb, reduce (TNF α) at least 0.309 pg/ml, and the average increase in antioxidant activity caused by low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet is 24,989 / gHb higher than normal diet, the decrease in the degree of inflammation is 0.196 pg/ml, however, it has no effect on the speed of sprint.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND BODY FAT PERCENTAGE, ESTIMATED BY BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE IN A GROUP OF ROMANIAN FEMALE STUDENTS

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) also called bioelectrical impedance (BEI) is a non-invasive method based on the electric conductibility properties of tissues and is a commonly used technique for estimating body composition.Percentage of body fat is strongly associated with the risk of several chronic diseases but its accurate measurement is difficult. Body Mass Index is a useful population-level measure of overweight and obesity. It is used for all categories of people, male or female.The main objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between BMI and body fat percentage (BF%) in a group of Romanian female students. This relationship has been studiedin various ethnic groups before. To conduct the study, we examined 29 young females (aged 20-36 years old) estimating BF% from bioelectrical impedance analysis using Tanita Body Fat Monitor Scale UM-076.In this research group, the BMI and BodyFat dependent variables have a moderate to strong correlation (r = .839; 0.75 < r < 1), the favorable score for the first measurement being a statistically relevant benchmark for the second (sig < 0.05).

TOWARD A STRENGTH TRAINING APPROACH AT MALE HANDBALL PLAYERS

The variety of handball playing positions produces implications on the physical, motor and physiological particularities of the players, being necessary an individualization of the training according to the specific requirements of the playing position. The development of strength capacity is done during all phases of the training, and the content used to optimize strength capacity at senior handball players of the group subjected to the experiment was varied, diversified and adapted to each trainingsession. The aim of the research was to design and apply a training methodology that would lead to the optimization of strength capacity at senior handball players with consequences in terms of performance and level of game efficiency. The following control tests were used to assessthe subjects' strength indices: test 1 maximum repetition for semiflexion, chest push-up and chest lift, and the plate test was used for the isometric strength. The results obtained by the experimental group at the strength tests applied in research aredue to the specific strength training used for a period of 6 months. The designed strength program for handball players was implemented considering the characteristics of the handball game, athletes’ particularities in order to achieve a better efficiency in training and competition. The intergroup statistical analysis of the final testing indicates statistical significance in favor of the experiment group, which confirms the efficiency of the means used in the training, ensuring an optimal framework for obtaining performance in competitions.

THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTEGRATING COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT

Currently, in the conditions of the modern economy, with the increase in complexity and diversity of organizations, an important role is played by managers who tend to professionalize by learning the science of management, but also other adjacent fields that would enhance their managerial skills. A leader must be prepared to help the sports organization achieve its goals with the least material investment and minimal mental and physical effort. The managers of the social structures and the managers of the institutional level deal with the elaboration of the strategic plans, the formulation of the goals, the adaptation of the organizations to different changes, the direction of the attitude between the organization, the environment and the society. We proposed a practical-applied experimental study, in order to identify the defining elements of an integrated model of communication that can be applied in the teaching-learning process in the instructive activities of the faculties, by applying an integration questionnaire, applied to staff teachers and students at the State University of Physical Education and Sport, from various study programs.

ANALYSIS OF HIGH-SPEEDRUNNING AND SPRINT RUNNING IN ELITE FEMALE FOOTBALL COMPETITIONS

Introduction: Although football is recognized as the fastest growing sport globally, scientific literature on female footballis still limited. Available published data in understanding the physical demands of female football players have described the necessity of a high level of physical conditioning during matches with average heart rates of 84-86% maximum heart rate and an average of 9.1-11.9 km in total distance covered in the running. The most commonly utilized physical performance measures reported are high-speed running (19km/h-23km/h) and sprinting (>23 km/h). A better understanding of football's physical, technical and tactical demands has resulted from investigations of both training and matches by wearing a global positioning system unit.Objective: This study aimed to assess the running speed and the proportions of different types of running during official competitions in elite female football players.Material and Method: A total of 22 female players (16 seniors and six juniors) that are part of a Romanian First League female football team -Politehnica Timisoara, have been monitored for running speed and covered distance in 6 official matches, which represent a quarter of the championship period. The assessment period was ten weeks (August-October 2021). The monitored parameters (total distance, distance/minute, low speed running, high speed running, sprint running, and maximum speed) wereobtained using K-Sport GPS with a high sampling rate of 50 Hz.Results: During the six analyzed matches the following average values were found: total covered distance -7906.33 ± 1176.68 m, distance/minute -90.83 ± 3.72 m/min, low-speed running distance-7598.50 ± 1102.16 m, high-speed running distance -308 ± 101.31 m, sprint running distance -69.50 ± 28.54 m, and maximum speed -25.13 ± 0.84 km/h.Conclusion: Regarding the monitored parameters (total distance, average speed, proportion of different speed running, maximum speed), we observed a constancy between different matches. During female football matches, high-speed running and sprinting covered 4.77% of the total distance. Based on this data, a future training objective would be the enhancement of this percentage in order to optimize the key moments of the matches.

COMPARATIVE STUDY REGARDING THE BENEFITS OF USING MEDICAL FLOSSING IN LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS

Although there are multiple published reviews about the effects of the most common techniques, such as stretching or the use of foam roller on the range of motion (Behm et al., 2016; Wilke et al., 2020) or performance parameters (Behm & Wilke, 2019; Konrad et al., 2021), there is no analysis on the effects of medical flossing. To date, two reviews have been publishedabout effectiveness of using ankle flossing to improve dorsiflexion amplitude or jump performance (Pisz et al., 2020; Kielur & Powden, 2020). This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of medical flossing added to routine treatment in patients with epicondylitis, compared to conventional physiotherapy treatment. The study included 6 subjects who showed localized pain in the area of the lateral epicondyle exacerbated with the Cozen test. The other criteria for selecting patients were the duration of the symptoms, less than 3 months from the onset of the disease and pain intensity more than 5 on the Visual Analog scale.To monitor the evolution of the subjects involved, we used a visual analog pain scale to assess the intensity of pain at different times during the application of therapy, before and after the end of the treatment. Another tool used to measure the degree of pain and dysfunction was the PRTEE Questionnaire (Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation). The rehabilitation program took place between August and September 2021, for 30 days, with afrequency of 3 times per week. 6 patients with lateral epicondylitis were included and medical flossing was used only in the case of 3 patients at each therapy session. The differences between groups at the time of the initial assessment, in terms of pain intensity were statistically insignificant (p=0.288, p>0.05). The results obtained in terms of decreasing pain were in favor of the use of medical flossing as an adjuvant method in specific pain existing in lateral epicondylitis. Although in both groups there was a decrease in pain after 4 weeks of treatment, the intervention group recorded significant reduced values compared to the control group (p=0.024; p<0.05). Regarding PRTEE Functional Score, at the final assesment there was a decrease in both groups, which means the functional condition of the patients has improved.

EFFECT OF THE ISOMETRIC -ISOTONIC EXERCISE ON LIGAMENTS RUPTURE INJURY OF KNEE AND REHABILITATION FOR ATHLETIC

Introduction.Rehabilitation is a program of treatment with some sport exercises targeting the lower body .The aim:of the study is to develop the work of the knee joint after the ligament rupture injury and to rehabilitate itby preparation of the (PTP) proposed training program.Material and Method:The study included 4 injured athletes who were selected from a total of 10 injured.The tools used to measure the angle of flexion and extension of the knee joint before and after rehabilitation are tape measure , anthropometric measurements and squat equipment. Statistical analyses:which used included MEAN, STD, MAX, MIN, MEDIAN to explain the results. Anthropometricis used to measure the (TCUIL) Thigh circumference of upper injured limb and (CBIL) Circumference of bottom injured, Flexion and extension angle of the knee joint and isometric -isotonic exercises with Pre-test –post-test for 4 injures athletes. Results :using the intensity of 30-35% until it reached 95-100% after the end of the training program with 9 -10Kg weights in the first week until 30-35 Kg on squat equipment at the end of the fourth week and it was cured and Anthropometrics of Pre-test was (TCUIL) was 49 and Post-test was 50 cm with increase1cmand the Pre-test of (CBIL) was 34.5 and Post-test 34.7 cm with increase(0.2mm).Conclusions:: The (PTP) developed muscle strength of the femoral muscle groups working on the knee joint after used isometric isotonic exercise

IMPROVING THE UNDERSTANDING OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS ON THE USE OF TGMD-2

Physical education, sports, and health teachers at elementary schools are obliged to teach their students about the correct basic movements. The basic movements that become the material for elementary school students are part of gross motor skills. The correct movement can be known well if the assessment is based on the process of the movement. The gross motor quality of students can be known by using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). TGMD-2 is a gross motor skill test instrument for children from 3 to 9 years of age. This age range still represents elementary school students in grades 1 to 3. The assessment on the TGMD-2 is based on the correctness of the students’ movements. Assessment based on the correct movement requires intensive mentorship so that teachers can understand the use of test instrument indicators. The mentorship lasted for 8 hours per day with practical material. The implementation of practice-based mentorship provides real experience for teachers in implementing TGMD-2. After undergoing mentorship activities, 88% of teachers have a percentage increase in test results above 90%. This increase shows the potential for successful use of TGMD-2 independently by the teacher and can improve the quality of the assessment of gross motor skills carried out by the teacher.