The Pyalung Kapampángan: observations on the status of traditional games from two generations

This study compares the observations of younger and older generations relating to different traditional games played by the Kapampangans. It particularly focuses on five games namely Maro; Tambubung; Luksung Babi; Salikutan; and Barongganan Bola. These games have been known to emphasise the players’ speed and agility. A survey and follow up in-depth interviews were used to explore the differing observations and perspectives of thirty elders (aged 60 years and above) and fifty youngsters (aged 10- 18 years old) from different towns in Pampanga. The survey highlighted the fact that the majority of the games were now played in the streets compared with the past when they were played in fields. The follow-up interviews revealed that the terrain of the towns significantly contributed to the structure and rules of the game, and many variations were found in the names of the games which were taken from how the game was played. Further research is recommended to explore the differing perceptions from the two generations concerning the current status of traditional games in their community.

What is in a name? Does the difference between onto-theology and theo-ontology direct the way from eco-theology to theo-ecology? Specific Russian theological perspectives

I approach this venture of figuring out the correct terminology to understand reality through the prism of two distinctive Russian Orthodox theologians, Pavel Florensky (1882–1937) and Sergius Bulgakov (1871–1944). The lens I apply mainly to their works is their respective understanding of cosmology, that is, ontology and epistemology. Therefore, I concur with Grenz to abandon the term ‘onto-theology’ and qualify the inverse as a Trinitarian theo-ontology. This honours the intimate connection between knowing and being, and prevents the bifurcation between fidelity and rationality. Mutatis mutandis, the same applies to ‘eco-theology’. This inversion reminds one of Hans-Urs von Balthasar, who bartered the concept of an aesthetic theology for theological aesthetics. Turning this question around would advance our dialogue with the sciences as the common denominator of the discourse is rather nature (creation) discerned from an acknowledged a priori (as all cognition do). In other words, the term theo-ecology is proposed.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The purpose study is not ecological but rather an asyndetic use of the terminology about the science and religion dialogue, with reference to the nomenclature of ecology and theology. All observation terms and sentences are theory-laden. Religion can be viewed as a linguistic framework that shapes the entirety of life and thought. Truth claims should focus on the grammar (or rules of the game) and not the lexicon when expressive symbolism is employed.

Mengembangkan Sportivitas Melalui Permainan Modifikasi Hot (Hoki Tiup)

This study aims to determine the development of sportsmanship in children through a modified game of HOT (Hoki Tiup) during the pandemic. The research was conducted at Rumah Belajar All Kids. The research subjects were selected by purposive sampling, namely 4 children aged 5-6 years who did limited face-to-face learning. This research is a qualitative research with a case study approach. Methods of data collection used interviews, observation, and document study. The data analysis was used the data reduction stage, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that sportsmanship develops from the aspects of respect, fairness, and acceptance of the results of the game. Respect is shown through natural expressions when experiencing victory or defeat. A fair attitude is marked by the child starting to obey the rules of the game when playing with all his friends.The child receives the final result of the game.

Populizm a praworządność: między władzą ludu a „regułami gry”

The growing influence of populists on the exercise of power in many European countries made it necessary to analyze populism also in the context of its relation to law and jurisprudence. Populism as an anti-liberal structure introduces a different view on many demoliberal legal institutions, including the key concept of the rule of law. The first part of the article focuses on the concept of populism and its analysis to the extent that is justified by the chosen topic. Investigating the current scientific discourse allows the thesis that populism has a dualistic character. On the one hand, it can be seen as a set of ideas, based on specific “material” assumptions, but on the other hand, it is a specific modus operandi used to promote any ideology. The second part of the article attempts to analyze the concept of the rule of law and focuses on its goals as well as the role it plays in the structue of liberal democracy. In this context, it should be noted that the meaning of the rule of law cannot be reduced solely to the principle that not only citizens, but also authority can act only within the limits of valid and binding law. For the rule of law — by clearly delineating the boundaries of power — also creates a broader context for the functioning of the system: specific “rules of the game” which define the way and rules of its functioning. In this sense, the rule of law is a key element of liberal democracy, which, although based on the power of the poeple, constitutes procedures and mechanisms that prevent its implementation to an unlimited extent. The third part of the paper summarizes the theses indicated in previous parts. Among the basic ideological tenets of populists is the pursuit of institutional unlimited power of the people. However, such a belief is incompatible with the basic demoliberal assumption that all power and its functioning should be subject to a rigid procedural framework, the violation of which is unacceptable. would seem that the rule of law — which is, after all, the realization of those restrictions within the liberal democracy framework — will be rejected by populists in advance. However, the populists do not deny the necessity of the rule of law existing, but modify it in such a way that complies with their tenets. Populists emerge from the agonistic conviction that the rule of law in the demoliberal discourse — although presented as politicaly neutral — in fact served only the interests of the elites and the establishment. With populist views gaining real influence on power, the time comes for the rule of law to be an instrument in the hands of the people, serving only the realization of their free will in the greatest possible extent.

Workers Gain Formal Political Power

Industrialization and urbanization during the nineteenth century brought workers physically together, where they could organize and petition through strikes and revolts for better wages, shorter working hours, limits to child labor, safer working conditions, education for their children, and most importantly, the franchise. Although inequality continued to increase, conditions for workers and their families began improving. Workers gained formal political power within government. Yet although workers acquired the vote and with it the potential for dramatically rewriting the rules of the game (because they held the overwhelming majority of votes), elites’ ideology was effective in convincing them to restrain their political muscle. Nevertheless, elites’ monopoly control over the political sphere had been broken. As a result, they could no longer as readily use violence to put down worker demands. Their retention of disproportionate shares of income, wealth, and privilege would depend more fully upon the persuasiveness of their ideology.

5. Winning and Losing Elections

This chapter assesses what politicians and members of political parties really care about: getting into office on the back of a successful election campaign. Rather than the general determinants of voting outlined in the previous chapter, this is about the choices voters and parties face within a particular system, so they can organize themselves to win. For that they need to play by the rules of the game, which includes developing strategies within electoral systems. The chapter then discusses the impact of electoral systems on that calculus, and how the number of parties is affected by the electoral system in place. It also looks at the factors that assist the winning of elections, and the extent to which the choices of parties and voters are affected by growing instability in the system. Overall, the chapter provides an overview of British political parties and party systems.

Flashcard Games As A Learning Tool : Internalizing The Practical Values Of Pancasila

This paper discusses new possible efforts to internalize the values of Pancasila through a flashcard game. This is because these values can be taught in a fun way through games. Internalization of these values can be done explicitly or implicitly in several aspects of the game, namely the rules of the game, the characters, and the narrative. The discussion begins with a hermeneutic analysis of Pancasila values that will be internalized to the game participants. The method used was hermeneutics as a tool of philosophical analysis to obtain a practical concept of the philosophical values of Pancasila. Furthermore, these practical values will be used in the effort to internalize values through flashcards games. The results of the analysis were simplified so that they can be used as a narrative and reference for the game, as well as a reference for game rules. The conclusion is that the flashcards game can be used as a means of internalizing the values of Pancasila if these values can be comprehensively expressed in the narrative, flow, and rules of the game.

PHENOMENON VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS

Modern society pays considerable attention to the intellectual development of children. Emotional and value development of preschool children for many years remained out of the attention of the educational department, parents. The new state standard of preschool education has initiated positive changes in this direction, but the problem of the uniqueness of the formation of value orientations of older preschool children is little studied, which increases the urgency of the problem. The aim of the article is to reveal the structure of the phenomenon of value orientations of older preschool children, its features in the light of educational reformation processes. The article highlights the components of the phenomenon of value orientations of older preschool children: emotional, semantic, and activity. It highlights the components that correspond to these components: emotional-volitional, cognitive, and activity. The criteria of each component are defined: emotional-volitional – sensory-oriented criterion, cognitive – knowledge-oriented, activity - operational. These criteria are met by indicators of the formation of value orientations of older preschool children. Indicators of understanding the emotions, the expression of compassion, the ability to control emotions correspond to the sensory-oriented criterion; knowledge-oriented criterion includes the presence of knowledge about the values of interaction, empathy and friendship, the content and rules of mobile games, the rules of conduct in the game; operational criterion is responsible for the ability to express emotions and respond to the emotions of others, follow the rules of the game, take responsibility, initiate and establish interaction between all participants in the game. The research work was carried out using the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, systematization, scientific generalization, dialectical method of cognition. As a result of the study we provide three-stage integral of the phenomenon of value orientations of preschool children with selected components, components, indicators and methods.