scholarly journals Resilient hemp shiv aggregates with engineered hygroscopic properties for the building industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Hussain ◽  
Juliana Calabria-Holley ◽  
Mike Lawrence ◽  
Yunhong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Building Industry ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Hemp Shiv

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance of Biodegradable Thermoplastic Polymer-Based Biocomposite Boards from Hemp Shivs and Corn Starch for the Building Industry

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arūnas Kremensas ◽  
Agnė Kairytė ◽  
Saulius Vaitkus ◽  
Sigitas Vėjelis ◽  
Giedrius Balčiūnas
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Hemp Shiv ◽  
Incorporation Method ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Bio-sourced materials combined with a polymer matrix offer an interesting alternative to traditional building materials. To contribute to their wider acceptance and application, an investigation into the use of wood-polymer composite boards is presented. In this study, biocomposite boards (BcB) for the building industry are reported. BcB are fabricated using a dry incorporation method of corn starch (CS) and hemp shiv (HS) treatment with water at 100 °C. The amount of CS and the size of the HS fraction are evaluated by means of compressive bending and tensile strength, as well as microstructure. The results show that the rational amount of CS independently of HS fraction is 10 wt.%. The obtained BcB have compressive stress at 10% of deformation in the range of 2.4–3.0 MPa, bending of 4.4–6.3 MPa, and tensile strength of 0.23–0.45 MPa. Additionally, the microstructural analysis shows that 10 wt.% of CS forms a sufficient amount of contact zones that strengthen the final product.

scholarly journals Preparation of Breathable Cellulose Based Polymeric Membranes with Enhanced Water Resistance for the Building Industry

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4310
Author(s):  
Atif Hussain ◽  
Pierre Blanchet
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Surfactant Treatment ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Ester ◽  
Pass Through

This study focuses on the development of advanced water-resistant bio-based membranes with enhanced vapour permeability for use within building envelopes. Building walls are vulnerable to moisture damage and mold growth due to water penetration, built-in moisture, and interstitial condensation. In this work, breathable composite membranes were prepared using micro-fibrillated cellulose fiber (CF) and polylactic acid (PLA). The chemical composition and physical structure of CF is responsible for its hydrophilic nature, which affects its compatibility with polymers and consequently its performance in the presence of excessive moisture conditions. To enhance the dispersibility of CF in the PLA polymer, the fibers were treated with an organic phosphoric acid ester-based surfactant. The hygroscopic properties of the PLA-CF composites were improved after surfactant treatment and the membranes were resistant to water yet permeable to vapor. Morphological examination of the surface showed better interfacial adhesion and enhanced dispersion of CF in the PLA matrix. Thermal analysis revealed that the surfactant treatment of CF enhanced the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the composite samples. These bio-based membranes have immense potential as durable, eco-friendly, weather resistant barriers for the building industry as they can adapt to varying humidity conditions, thus allowing entrapped water vapor to pass through and escape the building, eventually prolonging the building life.

Employers and the 1881 Population Census of England and Wales

2015 ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Bennett ◽  
Gill Newton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Error ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Firm Size Distribution ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Occupational Information ◽  
First Results

This article presents the method and first results of using the 1881 England and Wales Census Enumerators' Books (CEBs) to identify and extract employer records using occupational information. Over 230,000 employers are identified, of which about four fifths employ others. Important sub-groups are also identified of the own account selfemployed, company proprietors, directors and partnerships. The article demonstrates the feasibility of the method and uses the example of the building industry to illustrate firm-size distribution at parish level across England and Wales. The paper indicates the applicability of the extraction method to other censuses, which is now possible using the recently released I-CeM database. The paper also demonstrates some difficulties in the database for 1881, including data keying and coding errors, ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 per cent of entries for larger businesses. Gender miscoding appears to be a systematic error of about 0.7 per 1,000 people. The analysis suggests that where small or atypical sample groups are involved, users of the census database should make detailed checks with manuscript CEBs.

Impact of Nanotechnology Patents on Green Development of China's Building Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Xialing Sun ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Pengpeng Li ◽  
Jin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Building Engineering

Background: The sustainable development of the building industry has drawn increasing attention around the world. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology play an important role in the processes of energy saving and reducing consumption in the building industry. Nanotechnology patents provide key technological support for the green development of the building industry. Based on patent data in China, this paper quantitatively analyzed the application of nanotechnology patents in the building industry and the time trend, regional differences, and evolution of China's nano-patent applications in the building field. Methods: In this study, the environmental total factor productivity of the building industry considering carbon constraints was determined and then used as the dependent variable to measure the green development of the building industry. On this basis, a panel data regression model was constructed to determine the impact of nano-patents on the green development of the building industry. Results: Nanotechnology patents in the building industry can significantly improve total factor productivity. From the perspective of patent composition, technology-based patents that focus on substantial innovation can significantly promote the green development of the building industry, whereas strategic patents show a significant inhibitory effect. Regionally, the western region of China has the advantage of being less developed and thus more efficient than the central and eastern regions in the application of new nano-products. Finally, the research also showed a significant lag in the application of China's nanotechnology patents and low implementation efficiency. Conclusion: Nano patents can promote green development in the building industry, but there is room for improvement in the speed with which laboratory inventions are transformed into building engineering applications.

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