Subliminal understanding of negation: Unconscious control by subliminal processing of word pairs

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1022-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Marie Armstrong ◽  
Zoltan Dienes
Author(s):  
Eva Van den Bussche ◽  
Karolien Notebaert ◽  
Bert Reynvoet

Van den Bussche and Reynvoet (2007) argued that since significant priming was observed for novel primes from a large category, subliminal primes can be processed semantically. However, a possible confound in this study was the presence of nonsemantic effects such as orthographic overlap between primes and targets. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to validate our previous claim when nonsemantic influences are avoided. The second aim was to investigate the impact of nonsemantic stimulus processing on priming effects by manipulating target set size. The results showed that when nonsemantic effects are eliminated by presenting primes as pictures and targets as words, significant priming emerged for large stimulus categories and a large target set. This cannot be explained by nonsemantic accounts of subliminal processing and shows that subliminal primes can be truly semantically processed. However, when using a limited amount of targets, stimulating nonsemantic processing, priming disappeared. This indicates that the task context will determine whether stimuli will be processed semantically or nonsemantically, which in turn can influence priming effects.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Bryant ◽  
Elpiniki Andrew ◽  
Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar

Abstract Background Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) has recently been recognized as a separate psychiatric diagnosis, despite controversy over the extent to which it is distinctive from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods This study investigated distinctive neural processes underpinning emotion processing in participants with PGD, PTSD, and MDD with functional magnetic resonance study of 117 participants that included PGD (n = 21), PTSD (n = 45), MDD (n = 26), and bereaved controls (BC) (n = 25). Neural responses were measured across the brain while sad, happy, or neutral faces were presented at both supraliminal and subliminal levels. Results PGD had greater activation in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), bilateral insula, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and right caudate and also greater pgACC–right pallidum connectivity relative to BC during subliminal processing of happy faces. PGD was distinct relative to both PTSD and MDD groups with greater recruitment of the medial orbitofrontal cortex during supraliminal processing of sad faces. PGD were also distinct relative to MDD (but not PTSD) with greater activation in the left amygdala, caudate, and putamen during subliminal presentation of sad faces. There was no distinction between PGD, PTSD, and MDD during processing of happy faces. Conclusions These results provide initial evidence of distinct neural profiles of PGD relative to related psychopathological conditions, and highlight activation of neural regions implicated in reward networks. This pattern of findings validates current models of PGD that emphasize the roles of yearning and appetitive processes in PGD.


1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Mogg ◽  
Brendan P. Bradley ◽  
Rachel Williams ◽  
Andrew Mathews

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Ayşe Ayçiçeği ◽  
Zehra F. Peynircioğlu

Balanced Turkish-English bilingual participants viewed word pairs, presented both monolingually (English-English or Turkish-Turkish) or bilingually (English-Turkish or Turkish-English) and both for short and long durations. They made decisions on whether the simultaneously presented words in a pair were in the same language or not, or whether they denoted the same concept or not. In the short presentation condition, we found no evidence for subliminal processing. In cases in which both words were consciously identified, participants were more accurate, although not faster in the long than in the short presentation condition for both language and concept decisions. In the long presentation condition, language decisions were more accurate than concept decisions, although not faster. In addition, language decisions were not affected by whether the words were synonyms (concept identity), and concept decisions were not affected by whether the presentation was monolingual or bilingual (language identity), although in the monolingual conditions, “same” decisions were faster but not more accurate, and in the bilingual conditions a speed-accuracy trade-off was observed in that “same” decisions were faster but “different” decisions were more accurate.


2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kiss ◽  
Martin Eimer

Neuroscience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 472-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakajima ◽  
T. Minami ◽  
S. Nakauchi

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Leventhal ◽  
Andrew J. Waters ◽  
Bruno G. Breitmeyer ◽  
Elizabeth K. Miller ◽  
Evelina Tapia ◽  
...  

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