Effect of tillage systems, seeding rates, and herbicides on weed growth and grain yield in dry-seeded rice systems in the Philippines

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Growth

scholarly journals Weed control in corn and weed sample size for growth evaluations

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Tavella ◽  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
P.L.O. Fernandes ◽  
R.P. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Viable Seeds

The objectives of this study were to evaluate baby corn yield, green corn yield, and grain yield in corn cultivar BM 3061, with weed control achieved via a combination of hoeing and intercropping with gliricidia, and determine how sample size influences weed growth evaluation accuracy. A randomized block design with ten replicates was used. The cultivar was submitted to the following treatments: A = hoeings at 20 and 40 days after corn sowing (DACS), B = hoeing at 20 DACS + gliricidia sowing after hoeing, C = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing + hoeing at 40 DACS, D = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing, and E = no hoeing. Gliricidia was sown at a density of 30 viable seeds m-2. After harvesting the mature ears, the area of each plot was divided into eight sampling units measuring 1.2 m² each to evaluate weed growth (above-ground dry biomass). Treatment A provided the highest baby corn, green corn, and grain yields. Treatment B did not differ from treatment A with respect to the yield values for the three products, and was equivalent to treatment C for green corn yield, but was superior to C with regard to baby corn weight and grain yield. Treatments D and E provided similar yields and were inferior to the other treatments. Therefore, treatment B is a promising one. The relation between coefficient of experimental variation (CV) and sample size (S) to evaluate growth of the above-ground part of the weeds was given by the equation CV = 37.57 S-0.15, i.e., CV decreased as S increased. The optimal sample size indicated by this equation was 4.3 m².

Grain Yield of Rice Cultivars and Lines Developed in the Philippines since 1966

Crop Science ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Peng ◽  
R.C. Laza ◽  
R.M. Visperas ◽  
A.L. Sanico ◽  
K.G. Cassman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rice Cultivars

scholarly journals Row-spacing and seed-rate effects on winter wheat in Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Teich ◽  
T. Welacky ◽  
A. Hamill ◽  
A. Smid
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

This study was carried out to determine if winter wheat in southwestern Ontario should be grown in rows narrower than the conventional 18 cm and if the current recommended seed rate of 3.2 million seeds ha−1 (msh) is adequate. We compared the effect of 10- and 20-cm row spacings and 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 msh seed rates on grain yield, weed growth and yield of underseeded clover. Row spacing at a constant seed rate did not affect yield. With increasing seed rate there was an increase in yield, mainly through more heads per unit area, which more than compensated for a decrease in seeds per head. Narrow rows reduced the number of lamb’s-quarters and the overall weed count. The optimum seed rate for grain yield was 6.4 msh for ratios of seed cost:crop value less than 1.34. Key words: Narrow rows, weeds, yield, economic optimum

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization and soil management of winter common bean crop

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Gustavo da Silva ◽  
Orivaldo Arf ◽  
Marco Eustáquio de Sá ◽  
Ricardo Antônio Ferreira Rodrigues ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Bean Crop

The adoption of appropriate cultural management, which includes nitrogen fertilization and soil tillage system, is very important to increase the efficiency of plant in the utilization of available resource. This research work was conducted for three years aiming at evaluating the effect of sidedressing nitrogen application (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha-1) on winter bean crop under different systems of soil management (conventional, minimal, and no-tillage systems). The experimental design was a randomized block arranged in strips relative to tillage systems, with random distribution of nitrogen doses into each strip, with four replications. Grain yield was affected by nitrogen rates and significant increases were obtained with the application of 75 to 100 kg N ha-1. Soil management did not affect grain yield, although the "minimum system" provided better results in the two first years.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF IRRIGATION INTERVALS AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON SOIL MOISTURE DISTRIBUTION AND MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) GROWTH IN EASTERN SUDAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Khalid Hussian Solieman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Soil Moisture Distribution

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different irrigation intervals and tillage systems on soil moisture distribution and maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield. The field work was carried out at Demonstration Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Kassala, New Halfa (Sudan) for two consecutive seasons (2009/2010 and 2010/2011). The irrigation intervals were 14 days (I1) and 21 days (I2). While the tillage systems were {(disc plowing + harrowing + leveling + ridging (TS1)), (chisel plowing + harrowing + leveling + ridging, (TS2)), (disc harrowing + leveling + ridging, (TS3)), and ridging only, (TS4)}. The experiment was organized in split plot design with three replications. The soil moisture distribution was estimated before and during the experiment, while the measured crop growth and yield parameters were emergence percentage, plant height, leaf area index, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index. The results showed that moisture content (%) tend to increase significantly (P≤ 0.05) with depth before running the treatments and during the different stages of the experiment, while the highest values of moisture content were observed with I1 and TS2. Moreover, irrigation intervals and tillage systems showed high significant (P≤0.01) effect on the leaf area index, grain yield and harvest index in both seasons. Hence, the combination of I1 and TS2 showed the highest grain yield across the two seasons (8.5 and10.4 ton/ha) compared to I2 with TS3 and TS4 which revealed the lowest ones, (6.5 and 3.9 ton/ha, respectively). The conclusion drawn from this study is that I1 and TS2 were showed the best soil moisture distribution and significant improvement of maize growth and yield parameters.

scholarly journals Identification of an Elite Core Panel as a Key Breeding Resource to Accelerate the Rate of Genetic Improvement for Irrigated Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselyne U. Juma ◽  
Jérôme Bartholomé ◽  
Parthiban Thathapalli Prakash ◽  
Waseem Hussain ◽  
John Damien Platten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Relationship Matrix ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Breeding Values

Abstract Rice genetic improvement is a key component of achieving and maintaining food security in Asia and Africa in the face of growing populations and climate change. In this effort, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) continues to play a critical role in creating and disseminating rice varieties with higher productivity. Due to increasing demand for rice, especially in Africa, there is a strong need to accelerate the rate of genetic improvement for grain yield.In an effort to identify and characterize the elite breeding pool of IRRI’s irrigated rice breeding program, we analyzed 102 historical yield trials conducted in the Philippines during the period 2012-2016 and representing 15,286 breeding lines (including released varieties). A mixed model approach based on the pedigree relationship matrix was used to estimate breeding values for grain yield, which ranged from 2.12 to 6.27 t·ha-1. The rate of genetic gain for grain yield was estimated at 8.75 kg·ha-1·year-1 (0.23%) for crosses made in the period from 1964 to 2014. Reducing the data to only IRRI released varieties, the rate doubled to 17.36 kg·ha-1·year-1 (0.46%). Regressed against breeding cycle the rate of gain for grain yield was 185 kg·ha-1·cycle-1 (4.95%). We selected 72 top performing lines based on breeding values for grain yield to create an elite core panel (ECP) representing the genetic diversity in the breeding program with the highest heritable yield values from which new products can be derived. The ECP closely aligns with the indica 1B sub-group of Oryza sativa that includes most modern varieties for irrigated systems. Agronomic performance of the ECP under multiple environments in Asia and Africa confirmed its high yield potential.We found that the rate of genetic gain for grain yield found in this study was limited primarily by long cycle times and the direct introduction of non-improved material into the elite pool. Consequently, the current breeding scheme for irrigated rice at IRRI is based on rapid recurrent selection among highly elite lines. In this context, the ECP constitutes an important resource for IRRI and NAREs breeders to carefully characterize and manage that elite diversity.

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