IMPACT OF IRRIGATION INTERVALS AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON SOIL MOISTURE DISTRIBUTION AND MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) GROWTH IN EASTERN SUDAN

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.36106/ijar/9014126 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Khalid Hussian Solieman

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Moisture Distribution ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Area Index ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Soil Moisture Distribution

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different irrigation intervals and tillage systems on soil moisture distribution and maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield. The field work was carried out at Demonstration Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Kassala, New Halfa (Sudan) for two consecutive seasons (2009/2010 and 2010/2011). The irrigation intervals were 14 days (I1) and 21 days (I2). While the tillage systems were {(disc plowing + harrowing + leveling + ridging (TS1)), (chisel plowing + harrowing + leveling + ridging, (TS2)), (disc harrowing + leveling + ridging, (TS3)), and ridging only, (TS4)}. The experiment was organized in split plot design with three replications. The soil moisture distribution was estimated before and during the experiment, while the measured crop growth and yield parameters were emergence percentage, plant height, leaf area index, biological yield, grain yield, and harvest index. The results showed that moisture content (%) tend to increase significantly (P≤ 0.05) with depth before running the treatments and during the different stages of the experiment, while the highest values of moisture content were observed with I1 and TS2. Moreover, irrigation intervals and tillage systems showed high significant (P≤0.01) effect on the leaf area index, grain yield and harvest index in both seasons. Hence, the combination of I1 and TS2 showed the highest grain yield across the two seasons (8.5 and10.4 ton/ha) compared to I2 with TS3 and TS4 which revealed the lowest ones, (6.5 and 3.9 ton/ha, respectively). The conclusion drawn from this study is that I1 and TS2 were showed the best soil moisture distribution and significant improvement of maize growth and yield parameters.

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Rainfed farming prospects in the low rainfall zone of northern Iraq based on meteorological and soil moisture measurements

Journal of Aridland Agriculture ◽

10.19071/jaa.2017.v3.3194 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Hasan Hussein

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Distribution ◽

Seasonal Rainfall ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Northern Iraq ◽

Rainfall Season ◽

Rainfed Farming ◽

Soil Moisture Conservation ◽

Soil Moisture Distribution ◽

Runoff Plots

More than 50% of the rainfed region in northernIraqfalls within the low rainfall zone receiving between 300 and 400 mm of mean seasonal rainfall. Several natural runoff plots with access tubes were used to measure soil moisture distribution in depth and time. Measurements during two consecutive rainfall seasons were used to forecast the rainfed farming prospects in the low rainfall zone. The first season is considered wet because it received 568 mm of mean seasonal rainfall; the second rainfall season is considered dry because it received 256 of mean seasonal rainfall. The prospects of tillage systems, fertilization and soil moisture conservation for a successful rainfed farming (wheat and barley crops) venture in the low rainfall zone were explored and a rainfed farming guide for this zone was suggested.

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Performance of White Maize under Different Spacing and Integrated Fertilizer Management

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2020/v6i230124 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 23-32

Author(s):

Tahmina Ahmmed ◽

Md. Jafar Ullah ◽

M. A. Mannan ◽

Mst. Shammi Akter

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Recommended Dose ◽

Fertilizer Management ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Area Index ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Number Of Leaves

An experiment was conducted during December, 2017 to May, 2018 at the Agronomy field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka to evaluate the performance of white maize variety under different spacing and integrated fertilizer management. The experiment comprised two different factors; (1) two plant spacing viz. S1 (60 cm × 20 cm) and S2 (40 cm × 20 cm) and (2) four levels of integrated fertilizer application viz. T1: All chemical fertilizer (recommended dose), T2: maize straw compost +½ of recommended dose,T3: cowdung+½ of recommended dose and T4: vermicompost +½ of recommended dose. The experiment was set up in split plot design with three replications. Results revealed that both the individual and the interaction treatments had effect on different growth and yield parameters of white maize. In respect of the spacing effect, the wider spacing S1 showed higher plant height, number of leaves plant-1, cob length, cob circumference, number of grains cob-1, shelling percentage, 100 grains weight and harvest index where S2 showed higher grain yield. The integrated fertilizer had significant effect on different growth and yield parameters of white maize. In respect of the integrated fertilizer effect, the highest values in plant height, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area index and crop growth rate, cob length, cob circumference, number of grains cob-1, shelling percentage, 100 grains weight, grain yield, stover yield and biological yield were highest with T3 whereas, the lowest corresponding values were recorded from T2. Among the interaction treatments, higher seed yield was obtained with the interaction treatment S2T3 (10.01 t ha-1) while S1T2 showed significantly the lowest seed yield (5.27 t ha-1). The highest seed yield was mostly attributed to the number of grains per cob (328-433) and 100 seed weights (29.67-33.33 g).

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Effects of Number and Rate of Goat Manure Application on Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Sweet Maize (Zea mays L. saccharata Strut)

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v3n4p75 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Donatus Felix Uwah ◽

V. E. Eyo

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Area Index ◽

Total N ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Goat Manure

Alternative sources of plant nutrients have now become highly imperative especially for vegetable crop production in Nigeria. Due to the escalating costs, environmental and health problems associated with excessive use of inorganic fertilizers on continuously cropped fields, there is a need for more research on the use of organic manures and residues. A field experiment was conducted in the late growing season from September to December, 2012 in Calabar, a humid forest agroecology in south eastern Nigeria to evaluate the effects of two types of goat manure (GM) application (single and double split doses), five rates of GM (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1) and 400kg ha-1 NPK fertilizer (120:60:60 kg ha-1) rate on soil chemical properties and agronomic performance of sweet maize (Zea mays L. saccharata Strut). Factorial combinations of the treatments were fitted into a randomized complete block design with three replications. The application of GM significantly (P ? 0.05) increased soil pH, organic matter (OM) content, total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) status of the soil. Soil exchangeable acidity (EA) was reduced from 1.76 to 0.64 cmol kg-1 at 20 t ha-1 GM rate. The 20 t ha-1 also recorded the highest values for soil pH, OM, P, Ca, Mg and CEC, while the values for residual N and K peaked at the NPK fertilizer treatment. The double split application of GM recorded higher values for growth and yield attributes, and increased soil properties than the single application. Growth and yield parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), number and weight of grains/ear and total grain yield were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by GM and NPK fertilizer treatments. The values obtained for all growth and yield parameters except LAI at the 20 t ha-1 GM rate were not significantly different from those at the NPK fertilizer treatments. The application of 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1 GM, and NPK fertilizer significantly increased TDM by 11.9, 74.3, 91.9, 106.2 and 104.6%; weight of grains/ear by 16.5, 54.6, 61.4, 100.6 and 94.4% and total grain yield by 46.9, 111.7, 121.0, 127.2 and 140.1% respectively, compared with the control treatment. The interactions between number of applications and rates showed that split applying GM at 20 t ha-1 maximized TDM, weights of whole and dehusked green ears and total grain yield compared to other GM rates, hence it is recommended.

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An Integrated Nutrient Management Approach for Improving Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield

Biological Sciences - PJSIR ◽

10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.54.2.2011.64.70 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 64-70

Author(s):

Muhammad Waseem ◽

Asghar Ali ◽

Muahammad Ather Nadeem ◽

Muhammad Tahir ◽

Muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Management Approach ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Biological Yield ◽

1000 Grain Weight ◽

Chemical Fertiliser

The study of integrated use of chemical fertiliser and compost showed beneficial effects on growth and yield of maize. Plant height, number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per row, number of grains per cob and 1000-grain weight were significantly affected by all the treatments. However, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and grain-pith ratio were significantly affected by compost and chemical fertiliser alone or in certain combinations. The highest grain yield of 7.18 t/ha was obtained with the application of 25% nitrogen from compost + 75% nitrogen from chemical fertiliser.

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Growth and Yield Stability of Maize Varieties (Zea mays L.) as Affected by Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cow Dung in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i530285 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 94-103

Author(s):

I. Audu ◽

R. Idris

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Area Index ◽

Maize Varieties

A field experiment to study the growth and yield stability of maize varieties (Zea mays L.) to different rates of nitrogen fertilizer and cow dung in Mubi Adamawa State, Nigeria was conducted in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons at the Food and Agricultural Organization/Tree crops Plantation (FAO/TCP) Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Adamawa State University Mubi. Two maize varieties; viz. Quality Protein Maize (QPM) and Extra Early White (EEW) were selected for sowing. They were assigned to the main plots and nitrogen with cow dung assigned to the subplots in a factorial combination with nitrogen at the rates of 0, 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 and cow dung at 0, 1- and 2-ton ha-1 in split plot design. Data were collected on plant height, leaf area per plant, leaf area index and grain yield per hectare. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result showed that EEW had the highest plant height (190.77 cm), higher leaf area per plant (535.6 cm2) and leaf area index (0.40 cm) than QPM. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield parameters increased as the nitrogen fertilizer was increased. 120kg N ha-1 gave the highest plant height (195.68 cm) and grain yield (5658.3 kg). The control plot produced the least; 164.77 cm (plant height) and 2662.50 kg ha-1 (grain yield). Application of 1ton ha-1 cow dung exhibited the highest plant height, (95.00 cm), leaf area per plant (518.91 cm2) and leaf area index (0.37 cm). There was an interaction of variety with nitrogen on plant height and grain yield. High interaction of variety with cow dung on plant height and leaf area per plant was recorded. There was an interaction of nitrogen with cow dung on plant height, leaf area per plant and leaf area index. However, there was an interaction of variety with nitrogen and cow dung on plant height, leaf area per plant and leaf area index. Application of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased the yield of QPM maize along with 2-ton ha-1 of cow dung.

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Effect of level terraces on soil moisture distribution and utilization by corn

10.31274/rtd-180813-7090 ◽

1970 ◽

Author(s):

Edwin Lawrence Miller

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Distribution ◽

Soil Moisture Distribution

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Distribution of soil moisture content and its effect on the potential growth of the over-story species in North-East Chalkidiki

Silva Gandavensis ◽

10.21825/sg.v66i0.817 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 66 ◽

Author(s):

M. Aslanidou ◽

P. Smiris

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Soil Moisture Content ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Moisture Distribution ◽

Taxus Baccata ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Potential Growth ◽

North East ◽

Soil Moisture Distribution

This study deals with the soil moisture distribution and its effect on the potential growth and adaptation of the over-story species in north-east Chalkidiki. These species are: Quercus dalechampii Ten, Quercus conferta Kit, Quercus pubescens Willd, Castanea sativa Mill, Fagus moesiaca Maly-Domin and also Taxus baccata L. in mixed stands with Fagus moesiaca. Samples of soil, 1-2 kg per 20cm depth, were taken and the moisture content of each sample was measured in order to determine soil moisture distribution and its contribution to the growth of the forest species. The most important results are: i) available water is influenced by the soil depth. During the summer, at a soil depth of 10 cm a significant restriction was observed. ii) the large duration of the dry period in the deep soil layers has less adverse effect on stands growth than in the case of the soil surface layers, due to the fact that the root system mainly spreads out at a soil depth of 40 cm iii) in the beginning of the growing season, the soil moisture content is greater than 30 % at a soil depth of 60 cm, in beech and mixed beech-yew stands, is 10-15 % in the Q. pubescens stands and it's more than 30 % at a soil depth of 60 cm in Q. dalechampii stands.

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Nitrogen Supply Affects Grain Yield by Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Photosynthetic Capacity of Maize Plant in the Loess Plateau

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1094

Author(s):

Kai Yue ◽

Lingling Li ◽

Junhong Xie ◽

Setor Kwami Fudjoe ◽

Renzhi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

The Loess Plateau ◽

Area Index ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Significant Difference

Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for maize, and appropriate N fertilization can promote maize growth and yield. The effect of N fertilizer rates and timings on morphology, antioxidant enzymes, and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Loess Plateau of China was evaluated. The four N levels, i.e., 0 (N0), 100 (N1), 200 (N2), and 300 (N3) kg ha−1, were applied at two timings (T1, one-third N at sowing and two-thirds at the six-leaf stage of maize; T2, one-third applied at sowing, six-leaf stage, and eleven-leaf stage of maize). The results show that N2 and N3 significantly increased the plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, and leaf area index of maize compared with a non-N-fertilized control (N0). The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf chlorophyll contents were lower, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was higher for non-fertilized plants compared to fertilized plants. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with N rate, but the difference between 200 and 300 kg ha−1 was not significant; further, the isozyme bands of POD and SOD also changed with their activities. Compared with a non-N-fertilized control, N2 and N3 significantly increased grain yield by 2.76- and 3.11-fold in 2018, 2.74- and 2.80-fold in 2019, and 2.71- and 2.89-fold in 2020, and there was no significant difference between N2 and N3. N application timing only affected yield in 2018. In conclusion, 200 kg N ha−1 application increased yield through optimizing the antioxidant enzyme system, increasing photosynthetic capacity, and promoting dry matter accumulation. Further research is necessary to evaluate the response of more cultivars under more seasons to validate the results obtained.

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