Assessing the contribution of ethaboxam in seed treatment cocktails for the management of metalaxyl-resistant Pythium ultimum var. ultimum in Pacific Northwest spring wheat production

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. White ◽  
Weidong Chen ◽  
Kurtis L. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Wheat Production

scholarly journals Virulence of Rhizoctonia oryzae on Wheat and Barley Cultivars from the Pacific Northwest

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Paulitz ◽  
J. D. Smith ◽  
K. K. Kidwell
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Rhizoctonia Oryzae ◽  
Waitea Circinata

Rhizoctonia oryzae (teleomorph = Waitea circinata) causes sheath spot of rice and root rot of wheat and barley. R. oryzae commonly is isolated from barley, wheat, and pea plants in eastern Washington and Idaho. Eight representative isolates were tested for virulence on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Baronesse), soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Madsen), and hard red spring wheat (cv. Scarlet) planted in natural soil in the greenhouse and maintained at 16°C. All isolates caused significant reduction of emergence in barley, but only seven of the eight isolates and one of the eight isolates reduced emergence of winter wheat and spring wheat, respectively. All isolates caused significant stunting and reduction in the number of seminal roots, root length, and number of root tips on wheat and barley. Some isolates also reduced the frequency of fine secondary roots, resulting in a reduction of the average root diameter. Spring barley was more susceptible to R. oryzae than winter or spring wheat. The main effects of both cultivar and isolate were significant, and there was a significant isolate-cultivar interaction. R. oryzae isolate 80042 was the most virulent on barley, whereas R. oryzae isolate 801387 was the most virulent on wheat. The two isolates from pea were intermediate in virulence on wheat and barley. When screening germ plasm for potential resistance, isolates exhibiting the maximum virulence for each host should be used.

EFFECTS OF IMAZALIL SEED TREATMENT ON SUBCROWN INTERNODE LENGTHS AND COLEOPTILE-NODE-TILLERING IN WHEAT

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1467-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. F. CHINN ◽  
P. R. VERMA ◽  
D. T. SPURR
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Treated Seed

The effects of seed treatment with imazalil at 0.2 and 0.3 g a.i./kg seed on subcrown internode length and occurrence of coleoptile-node-tillers (CNT) was studied in four spring wheat cultivars at two locations in Saskatchewan. Without treatment, Cypress had the longest internodes followed in descending order by Glenlea, Neepawa, and Wascana. Generally, plants from imazalil-treated seed had significantly shorter subcrown internodes. Only a few plants from nontreated seed produced CNT and of these, many were soft or aborted, while the treated seed produced a number of CNT and many of these were firm tillers. The possible importance of these morphological changes in the reduction of common root rot, on drought resistance, cold hardiness, and yield is discussed.

scholarly journals Vegetative nitrogen stress decreases lodging risk and increases yield of irrigated spring wheat in the subtropics

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 907 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Peake ◽  
K. L. Bell ◽  
P. S. Carberry ◽  
N. Poole ◽  
S. R. Raine
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

In-crop nitrogen (N) application is used widely in rainfed winter wheat production to reduce lodging risk; however, uncertainty exists as to its ability to reduce lodging risk in subtropical irrigated wheat production without simultaneously reducing yield potential. The objective of this study was therefore to determine whether in-crop N application reduces lodging risk without reducing yield of irrigated spring wheat in a subtropical environment. Irrigated small-plot experiments were conducted to compare the effect of alternative N timing on lodging and yield in two cultivars. Variable N regimes were imposed during the vegetative growth phase, after which additional N was applied to ensure that total season N application was uniform across N-timing treatments. Treatments with low N at sowing had significantly less lodging and were the highest yielding, exhibiting yield increases of up to 0.8 t ha–1 compared to treatments with high N at sowing. Increased leaf area index, biomass and tiller count at the end of the vegetative growth phase were correlated with increased lodging in both cultivars, although the strength of the correlation varied with cultivar and season. We conclude that canopy-management techniques can be used to simultaneously increase yield and decrease lodging in irrigated spring wheat in the subtropics, but require different implementation from techniques used in temperate regions of Australia.

U.S. West: Foliar-applied nitrogen fertilizers in spring wheat production

Crops & Soils ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga S. Walsh ◽  
Robin J. Christiaens ◽  
Arjun Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

scholarly journals Impact of environmental changes and land-management practices on wheat production in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Gahlot ◽  
Tzu-Shun Lin ◽  
Atul K. Jain ◽  
Somnath Baidya Roy ◽  
Vinay K. Sehgal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wheat Production

Abstract. Spring wheat is a major food crop that is a staple for a large number of people in India and the world. To address the issue of food security, it is essential to understand how productivity of spring wheat changes with changes in environmental conditions and agricultural management practices. The goal of this study is to quantify the role of different environmental factors and management practices on wheat production in India in recent years (1980 to 2016). Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and climate change are identified as two major factors that represent changes in the environment. The addition of nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation practices are the two land-management factors considered in this study. To study the effects of these factors on wheat growth and production, we developed crop growth processes for spring wheat in India and implemented them in the Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM), a state-of-the-art land model. The model is able to capture site-level observed crop leaf area index (LAI) and country scale production. Numerical experiments are conducted with the model to quantify the effect of each factor on wheat production on a country scale for India. Our results show that elevated [CO2] levels, water availability through irrigation and nitrogen fertilizers have led to an increase in annual wheat production at 0.68, 0.24 and 0.31 Mt/yr, respectively, averaged over the time period 1980-2016. However, elevated temperatures have reduced the total wheat production at a rate of 0.37 Mt/yr during the study period. Overall, the [CO2], irrigation, fertilizers, and temperature forcings have led to 39 %, 15 %, 20 % and −16 % changes in countrywide production, respectively. The magnitudes of these factors spatially vary across the country thereby affecting production at regional scales. Results show that favourable growing season temperatures, moderate to high fertilizer application, high availability of irrigation facilities, and moderate water demand make the Indo-Gangetic plain the most productive region while the arid northwest region is the least productive due to high temperatures and lack of irrigation facilities to meet the high water demand.

Effect of seed treatment with novel strains of Trichoderma spp. on establishment and yield of spring wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen G. Xue ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Yuanhong Chen ◽  
Iffat Siddiqui ◽  
Genevieve Marchand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

scholarly journals Variability in Sensitivity to Metalaxyl in vitro, Pathogenicity, and Control of Pythium spp. on Sugar Beet

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 896-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brantner ◽  
Carol E. Windels
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
And Control ◽  
Treatment Sensitivity

Pythium ultimum var. sporangiiferum (76 isolates) and P. aphanidermatum (21 isolates) cultured from diseased sugar beet seedlings in Minnesota and North Dakota were tested for sensitivity to metalaxyl, pathogenicity on sugar beet, and disease control by metalaxyl seed treatment. Sensitivity to metalaxyl (effective concentration causing 50% growth inhibition [EC50]) was determined by linear growth on corn meal agar amended with 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg a.i. metalaxyl ml-1 after 48 h in the dark at 21 ± 1°C. Variation among isolates was significant (P = 0.05) within and between species, and EC50 values averaged 0.16 (range: 0.05 to 1.30 μg ml-1) for P. ultimum var. sporangiiferum and 2.06 (range: 1.19 to 3.12 μg ml-1) for P. aphanidermatum. In pathogenicity tests on sugar beet, most isolates of P. ultimum var. sporangiiferum (72 of 76) and all of P. aphanidermatum significantly (P = 0.05) decreased final stands compared to the noninoculated control. There was no correlation between aggressiveness in the absence of metalaxyl and in vitro sensitivity to metalaxyl. When Pythium-infested soil was planted with seed treated with metalaxyl at the standard (0.625 g a.i. kg-1) or half rate, some isolates that were least sensitive to metalaxyl in vitro resulted in a significant (P = 0.05) reduction in disease control. These results may explain, at least in part, why producers do not attain expected stands when they plant metalaxyl-treated sugar beet seed.

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