U.S. West: Foliar-applied nitrogen fertilizers in spring wheat production

Crops & Soils ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga S. Walsh ◽  
Robin J. Christiaens ◽  
Arjun Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

scholarly journals Impact of environmental changes and land-management practices on wheat production in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Gahlot ◽  
Tzu-Shun Lin ◽  
Atul K. Jain ◽  
Somnath Baidya Roy ◽  
Vinay K. Sehgal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wheat Production

Abstract. Spring wheat is a major food crop that is a staple for a large number of people in India and the world. To address the issue of food security, it is essential to understand how productivity of spring wheat changes with changes in environmental conditions and agricultural management practices. The goal of this study is to quantify the role of different environmental factors and management practices on wheat production in India in recent years (1980 to 2016). Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and climate change are identified as two major factors that represent changes in the environment. The addition of nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation practices are the two land-management factors considered in this study. To study the effects of these factors on wheat growth and production, we developed crop growth processes for spring wheat in India and implemented them in the Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM), a state-of-the-art land model. The model is able to capture site-level observed crop leaf area index (LAI) and country scale production. Numerical experiments are conducted with the model to quantify the effect of each factor on wheat production on a country scale for India. Our results show that elevated [CO2] levels, water availability through irrigation and nitrogen fertilizers have led to an increase in annual wheat production at 0.68, 0.24 and 0.31 Mt/yr, respectively, averaged over the time period 1980-2016. However, elevated temperatures have reduced the total wheat production at a rate of 0.37 Mt/yr during the study period. Overall, the [CO2], irrigation, fertilizers, and temperature forcings have led to 39 %, 15 %, 20 % and −16 % changes in countrywide production, respectively. The magnitudes of these factors spatially vary across the country thereby affecting production at regional scales. Results show that favourable growing season temperatures, moderate to high fertilizer application, high availability of irrigation facilities, and moderate water demand make the Indo-Gangetic plain the most productive region while the arid northwest region is the least productive due to high temperatures and lack of irrigation facilities to meet the high water demand.

scholarly journals Impact of environmental changes and land management practices on wheat production in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-652
Author(s):  
Shilpa Gahlot ◽  
Tzu-Shun Lin ◽  
Atul K. Jain ◽  
Somnath Baidya Roy ◽  
Vinay K. Sehgal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wheat Production

Abstract. Spring wheat is a major food crop that is a staple for a large number of people in India and the world. To address the issue of food security, it is essential to understand how the productivity of spring wheat varies with changes in environmental conditions and agricultural management practices. The goal of this study is to quantify the role of different environmental factors and management practices on wheat production in India in recent years (1980 to 2016). Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and climate change are identified as two major factors that represent changes in the environment. The addition of nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation practices are the two land management factors considered in this study. To study the effects of these factors on wheat growth and production, we developed crop growth processes for spring wheat in India and implemented them in the Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM), a state-of-the-art land model. The model is able to simulate the observed leaf area index (LAI) at the site scale and observed production at the country scale. Numerical experiments are conducted with the model to quantify the effect of each factor on wheat production on a country scale for India. Our results show that elevated [CO2] levels, water availability through irrigation, and nitrogen fertilizers have led to an increase in annual wheat production at 0.67, 0.25, and 0.26 Mt yr−1, respectively, averaged over the time period 1980–2016. However, elevated temperatures have reduced the total wheat production at a rate of 0.39 Mt yr−1 during the study period. Overall, the [CO2], irrigation, fertilizers, and temperature forcings have led to 22 Mt (30 %), 8.47 Mt (12 %), 10.63 Mt (15 %), and −13 Mt (−18 %) changes in countrywide production, respectively. The magnitudes of these factors spatially vary across the country thereby affecting production at regional scales. Results show that favourable growing season temperatures, moderate to high fertilizer application, high availability of irrigation facilities, and moderate water demand make the Indo-Gangetic Plain the most productive region, while the arid north-western region is the least productive due to high temperatures and lack of irrigation facilities to meet the high water demand.

REACTION OF RICE VARIETIES PERMITED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH YIELD FORMATION WITH A HIGH GRAIN QUALITY ON LEVEL OF NITROGEN NUTRITION IN AGROLANDSCAPE ZONES OF KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Tumanian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

An increase in the doses of nitrogen fertilizers applied during the cultivation of new rice varieties Nautilus and Yakhont in the old-deltoid and valley agrolandscape zones led to significant changes in grain quality traits. The grain size of the varieties grown in the Krasnoarsmeysky district did not change due to the level of nitrogen fertilizers, for those grown in the Abinsky district, decreased by 0.3 g in variety Nautilus and increased in variety Yakhont with increased dose of applied nitrogen. The vitreousity of grain increased in Nautilus in the Krasnoarmeysky district by 2%, in Abinsky - by 7%; in the variety Yakhont - increased by 2% and practically did not change, respectively. A tendency toward a decrease in grain fracture in the Krasnoarmeysky district and an increase in head rice content in the variety Nautilus in the Krasnoarmeysky and Abinsky districts was noted.

Evaluation of Alternative Nitrogen Fertilizers for Corn and Winter Wheat Production

2010 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1226-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheri Cahill ◽  
Deanna Osmond ◽  
Randy Weisz ◽  
Ronnie Heiniger
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Production

scholarly journals Agroecosystem Stability In Spring Wheat Crops With The Application Of Fertilizers And Microbial Biological Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
A A Alferov ◽  
L S Chernova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽  
Net Mineralization ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Nitrogen Flows

Abstract The formation of spring wheat biomass on sod-podzolic soil is carried out mainly due to soil nitrogen, the share of which reaches 1/3 of the total removal of the element when using mineral fertilizers. Inoculation of spring wheat seeds with biologics of rhizosphere microorganisms increases the nitrogen content of fertilizers to 7.3%, increases its immobilization by 5.9-6.7% and reduces losses by 7.4-13.9%. The stability of the agroecosystem is characterized by nitrogen flows. During the growing season of spring wheat with a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.55-1.72, the amount of mineralized nitrogen (mineralization (M)), depending on fertilizers, reaches 9.4-11.1 g/m2, while the reimobilized nitrogen (reimobilization (RI)) – 2.2-3.1 g/m2, net-mineralized (net-mineralization (N-M)) – 6.8 - 8.0 g/m2. The use of nitrogen fertilizers and biological products leads the agroecosystem to the resistance mode (the maximum permissible level of exposure) (RI : M = 27-28%, N-M : RI = 2.5-2.7).

scholarly journals Vegetative nitrogen stress decreases lodging risk and increases yield of irrigated spring wheat in the subtropics

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 907 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Peake ◽  
K. L. Bell ◽  
P. S. Carberry ◽  
N. Poole ◽  
S. R. Raine
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

In-crop nitrogen (N) application is used widely in rainfed winter wheat production to reduce lodging risk; however, uncertainty exists as to its ability to reduce lodging risk in subtropical irrigated wheat production without simultaneously reducing yield potential. The objective of this study was therefore to determine whether in-crop N application reduces lodging risk without reducing yield of irrigated spring wheat in a subtropical environment. Irrigated small-plot experiments were conducted to compare the effect of alternative N timing on lodging and yield in two cultivars. Variable N regimes were imposed during the vegetative growth phase, after which additional N was applied to ensure that total season N application was uniform across N-timing treatments. Treatments with low N at sowing had significantly less lodging and were the highest yielding, exhibiting yield increases of up to 0.8 t ha–1 compared to treatments with high N at sowing. Increased leaf area index, biomass and tiller count at the end of the vegetative growth phase were correlated with increased lodging in both cultivars, although the strength of the correlation varied with cultivar and season. We conclude that canopy-management techniques can be used to simultaneously increase yield and decrease lodging in irrigated spring wheat in the subtropics, but require different implementation from techniques used in temperate regions of Australia.

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