A potential robust antiviral defense state in the common vampire bat: Expression, induction and molecular characterization of the three interferon-stimulated genes -OAS1, ADAR1 and PKR

Abstract Background: Clostridioides difficile is the main cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea worldwide. It is proposed that certain C. difficile toxinotypes with distinct pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) variants are associated with disease severity and outcomes. Additionally, few studies have described the common C. difficile toxinotypes, and also little is known about the tcdC variants in Iranian isolates. We characterized the toxinotypes and the tcdC genotypes from a collection of Iranian clinical C. difficile tcdA+B+ isolates with known ribotypes (RTs).Methods: Fifty C. difficile isolates with known RTs and carrying the tcdA and tcdB toxin genes were analyzed. Toxinotyping was carried out based on a PCR-RFLP analysis of a 19.6 kb region encompassing the PaLoc. Genetic diversity of the tcdC gene was determined by the sequencing of the gene.Results: Of the 50 C. difficile isolates investigated, five distinct toxinotypes were recognized. Toxinotypes 0 (33/50, 66%) and V (11/50, 22%) were the most frequently found. C. difficile isolates of the toxinotype 0 mostly belonged to RT 001 (12/33, 36.4%), whereas toxinotype V consisted of RT 126 (9/11, 81.8%). The tcdC sequencing showed six variants (35/50, 70%); tcdC-sc3 (24%), tcdC-A (22%), tcdC-sc9 (18%), tcdC-B (2%), tcdC-sc14 (2%), and tcdC-sc15 (2%). The remaining isolates were wild-types (15/50, 30%) in the tcdC gene.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that the majority of clinical tcdA+B+ isolates of C. difficile frequently harbor tcdC genetic variants. We also found that the RT 001/ toxinotype 0 and the RT 126/ toxinotype V are the most common types among Iranian isolates. Further studies are needed to investigate the putative association of various tcdC genotypes with CDI severity and its recurrence.

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Molecular characterization of major histocompatibility complex class II alleles in the common frog,Rana temporaria

Molecular Ecology Resources ◽

10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02535.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 738-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

I. ZEISSET ◽

T. J. C. BEEBEE

Keyword(s):

Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Major Histocompatibility Complex Class ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Rana Temporaria ◽

Common Frog ◽

Complex Class ◽

Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Frog Rana Temporaria ◽

The Common

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Cystic Fibrosis in the Southern Midwest United States: Molecular Characterization of the Common Mutations

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences ◽

10.1097/00000441-199402000-00002 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 307 (2) ◽

pp. 82-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Regina A. Hoffman ◽

Mary E. Floyd ◽

Lynne H. Whetsell ◽

John C. Kramer ◽

Frederick V. Schaefer

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Midwest United States ◽

The Common

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MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO NOVEL RAT MINUTE VIRUSES IN TAIWAN

Taiwan Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1142/s1682648520500109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (02n03) ◽

pp. 101-110

Author(s):

Yi-Chun Liao ◽

Yung-Hui Chang ◽

Ming-Hseng Wang ◽

Ber-Hsiang Fang ◽

Cho-Hua Wan

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Nucleotide Sequences ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Data ◽

Laboratory Rodent ◽

Minute Virus ◽

The Common ◽

Kilham Rat Virus

Rodent parvovirus infection is one of the common viral problems in laboratory rodent colonies. In this study, two new parvoviruses were identified in naturally-infected rats from two different research colonies in Taiwan. The genomic nucleotide sequences and the predicted amino acid sequences of proteins for these two viruses were compared to the previously characterized rodent parvoviruses. The two newly identified viruses were most closely related to each other, also closely related to two variants of rat minute virus (RMV; RMV-1 and RMV-2), and distinct from but closely related to Kilham rat virus and H-1 virus. These two viruses were significantly different from variants of rat parvovirus (RPV; RPV-1 and RPV-NTU1). Phylogenetic data also supported that these two new viruses are variants of the RMV species. These two newly identified viruses were designated RMV type National Taiwan University 1 (RMV-NTU1) and RMV type National Taiwan University 2 (RMV-NTU2). RMV-NTUs are the first molecularly characterized RMV variants identified in Asia.

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Biological and Molecular Characterization of Four Botryosphaeria Species Isolated from Pear Plants Showing Stem Wart and Stem Canker in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-13-1060-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 716-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Lifeng Zhai ◽

Meixin Zhang ◽

Gang Lv ◽

Xiaoren Chen ◽

Nana Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Stem Canker ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

The Other ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

The Common ◽

Stem Cankers

Pear stem wart and pear stem canker, which have been considered as two different fungal diseases caused by pathogens belonging to Botryosphaeria spp., commonly occur and cause serious damage in the main pear-producing areas in China. To identify the species of this genus infecting pear in China, 131 Botryosphaeria isolates were recovered from pear samples exhibiting symptoms collected from 20 different provinces and areas. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region and the β-tubulin and EF1-α genes revealed that Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. rhodina, B. obtusa, and B. parva were associated with different pear stem wart and stem canker symptoms. Remarkably, all isolates of B. dothidea were obtained from the samples showing either stem wart or stem canker lesions; however, the isolates of the other three species were obtained only from the samples showing stem canker. Pathogenicity tests on the pear shoots showed that B. dothidea isolates could induce stem wart or stem canker lesions but all the isolates of the other three species could only induce stem cankers. However, the isolates of B. parva, B. rhodina, and B. obtusa exhibited higher virulence than that of the B. dothidea isolates on the pear fruit. Our results suggest that B. dothidea is the common causal agent for these two diseases (a pear stem wart and a pear-related stem canker), whereas B. parva, B. rhodina, and B. obtusa only cause pear stem canker diseases. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report for biological and molecular characterization of four Botryosphaeria spp. isolated from pear plants showing stem wart and stem canker in China.

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