scholarly journals The Sign and Magnitude of The Effects of Thermal Extremes on an Intertidal Kelp Depend on Environmental and Biological Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 100015
Author(s):  
Jennifer Jorve Hoos ◽  
Christopher D.G. Harley
Keyword(s):  
Biological Context

Antigenic variation in its biological context

1984 ◽  
Vol 307 (1131) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Anamnestic Response ◽  
Insect Midgut ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biological Context

The biology of antigenic variation is discussed, and the problems that must be solved to provide a full understanding of antigenic variation are considered. These are (i) the induction of v.s.g. synthesis in the salivary glands of the tsetse fly; (ii) the nature of the restriction on v.s.g. genes that allows only some of them to be expressed in the salivary glands; (iii) the nature of ‘predominance’ in v.s.g. expression in the mammalian host, and the mechanism by which it operates; (iv) the repression of v.s.g. synthesis in the insect midgut; (v) the anamnestic response that produces expression of the ingested variant in the first patent parasitaemia in the mammalian host; (vi) the mechanism by which only one v.s.g. gene at a time is expressed; (vii) the relationship if any ofv.s.g. structure to v.s.g.-associated differences in growth rate and host range; (viii) the role of v.s.g. release within the life cycle and to pathogenesis.

Computational proteomics: Integrating mass spectral data into a biological context

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Paulo C. Carvalho ◽  
Gabriel Padron ◽  
Juan J. Calvete ◽  
Yasset Perez-Riverol
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Data ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Computational Proteomics ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Biological Context

scholarly journals Identification of Potential Biomarkers using Improved Ranked Guided Iterative Feature Elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Wen Xin Ng ◽  
Weng Howe Chan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Feature Subset ◽  
Relevant Feature ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Additional Filter ◽  
Potential Biomarkers ◽  
Biological Context

In healthcare, biomarkers serve an important role in disease classification. Many existing works are focusing in identifying potential biomarkers from gene expression. Moreover, the large number of redundant features in a high dimensional dataset such as gene expression would introduce bias in the classifier and reduce the classifier’s performance. Embedded feature selection methods such as ranked guided iterative feature elimination have been widely adopted owing to the good performance in identification of informative features. However, method like ranked guided iterative feature elimination does not consider the redundancy of the features. Thus, this paper proposes an improved ranked guided iterative feature elimination method by introducing an additional filter selection based on minimum redundancy maximum relevance to filter out redundant features and maintain the relevant feature subset to be ranked and used for classification. Experiments are done using two gene expression datasets for prostate cancer and central nervous system. The performance of the classification is measured in terms of accuracy and compared with existing methods. Meanwhile, biological context verification of the identified features is done through available knowledge databases. Our method shows improved classification accuracy, and the selected genes were found to have relationship with the diseases.

scholarly journals The 3’UTR of the orb2 gene encoding the Drosophila CPEB translation factor plays a critical role in spermatogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf A. Gilmutdinov ◽  
Eugene N. Kozlov ◽  
Ludmila V. Olenina ◽  
Alexei A. Kotov ◽  
Justinn Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation ◽  
Polarized Cells ◽  
Biological Context

AbstractCPEB proteins are conserved translation regulators involved in multiple biological processes. One of these proteins in Drosophila, Orb2, is a principal player in spermatogenesis. It is required for meiosis and spermatid differentiation. During the later process orb2 mRNAs and proteins are localized within the developing spermatid. To evaluate the role of orb2 mRNA 3’UTR in spermatogenesis, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate a deletion of the orb2 3’UTR, orb2R. This deletion disrupts the process of spermatid differentiation, but has no apparent effect on meiosis. While this deletion appears to destabilize the orb2 mRNA and reduce the levels of Orb2 protein, this is not the primary cause of the differentiation defects. Instead, differentiation appears to be disrupted because orb2 mRNAs and proteins are not properly localized within the differentiating spermatids. Other transcripts and proteins involved in spermatogenesis are also mislocalized in orb2R spermatids.Author summaryThe conserved family of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) proteins can activate or repress translation of target mRNAs, depending on the specific biological context, through interaction with special cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) sequences. These proteins function mainly in highly polarized cells. Orb2, one of the two Drosophila melanogaster CPEB proteins, is predominantly expressed in the testes and is crucial for spermatogenesis. The 3’UTR of orb2 transcript contains multiple CPE-like motifs, which is indicative of orb2 self-regulation. We have generated a deletion that removes the greater portion of 3’UTR. While this deletion causes a reduction in the levels of orb2 mRNA and the protein, this does not appear to be responsible for the defects in spermatogenesis observed in the deletion mutant. Instead, it is the mislocalization of the mRNA and protein in the developing spermatids.

scholarly journals Social and Biological Context of Physical Culture and Sport

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Kosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Cultural Character ◽  
Biological Context

Social and Biological Context of Physical Culture and SportAuthor underlines that biological sciences connected with the human being are traditionally - after MacFadden, among others - counted among physical culture sciences. Because of the bodily foundations of human physical activity, they perform - shortly speaking - a significant cognitive function: they describe natural foundations of particular forms of movement. In spite of the fact that knowledge in that respect is extremely important for multiform human activity in the field of physical culture, it is not knowledge of cultural character. From the formal (that is, institutional) viewpoint it is strictly connected with culture studies, but it has separate methodological and theoretical assumptions. Knowledge of that type is focused on the human organism and not on effects of mental, axiocreative, symbolic activity of the human being entangled in social relations. It includes auxiliary data which support practical - that is, in that case, physical, bodily - activity. Its reception of axiological (ethical and aesthetical), social (philosophical, sociological, pedagogical, historical {universal or strictly defined - referring e.g. to art and literature with the connected theories} or political) character is dealt with by the humanities (in other words: social sciences) constituting an immanent and the fundamental - and hence the most important - part of culture studies. Putting stress on alleged superiority and the dominating role of natural (biological in that case) sciences within physical culture sciences and the connected marginalization of the humanities - which constitute, after all, a necessary and hence an unquestionable foundation for culture studies, their essence and objectivisation - is, euphemistically speaking, a clear shortcoming in the field of science studies.The abovementioned exaltation and aspirations for superiority, as well as deepening and more and more aggressive marginalization of the humanities (understood in that paper as a synonym for social sciences) in the field of physical culture sciences may lead to the separation of biological sciences.

Language and its biological context

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 (1315) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Biological Context

All reasonably functioning newborn humans learn any native language effortlessly. No other species can learn human language even with effort. Such facts indicate that young humans are similar in ways which match them to properties shared by the set of natural languages. We would expect some similarities to be found in the baby’s brain and others in the surrounding environment.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in the Design of Non-Biofouling Coatings for Nanoparticles and Surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Sanchez-Cano ◽  
Mónica Carril
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Protein Corona ◽  
The Other ◽  
Engineered Surfaces ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Protein Adhesion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Biological Context

Biofouling is a major issue in the field of nanomedicine and consists of the spontaneous and unwanted adsorption of biomolecules on engineered surfaces. In a biological context and referring to nanoparticles (NPs) acting as nanomedicines, the adsorption of biomolecules found in blood (mostly proteins) is known as protein corona. On the one hand, the protein corona, as it covers the NPs’ surface, can be considered the biological identity of engineered NPs, because the corona is what cells will “see” instead of the underlying NPs. As such, the protein corona will influence the fate, integrity, and performance of NPs in vivo. On the other hand, the physicochemical properties of the engineered NPs, such as their size, shape, charge, or hydrophobicity, will influence the identity of the proteins attracted to their surface. In this context, the design of coatings for NPs and surfaces that avoid biofouling is an active field of research. The gold standard in the field is the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, although zwitterions have also proved to be efficient in preventing protein adhesion and fluorinated molecules are emerging as coatings with interesting properties. Hence, in this review, we will focus on recent examples of anti-biofouling coatings in three main areas, that is, PEGylated, zwitterionic, and fluorinated coatings.

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