Investigation of factors affecting surface pollen assemblages in the Balikun Basin, central Asia: Implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions

In the late Soviet era, the domains of use of languages were largely a function of ethnic groups’ status in the Soviet administrative hierarchy. Russian was at the top; below it were the eponymous languages of the non-Russian 14 “Union Republics;” all other languages were used in relatively narrow sets of domains. The “Union Republic languages” included five in Central Asia-- Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tajik, Turkmen, and Uzbek. These languages’ use in fewer domains than most other Union Republic languages profoundly affected their expansion into new domains after 1991. Two other factors affecting this primarily rooted in the Soviet era were the ethnic composition of the republics upon the USSR’s collapse and their populations’ language repertoires. In addition to these “Soviet heritage factors,” language policy and ecology have also been shaped by each country’s nation building project, its international orientation, the nature of its political system, and its economic resources. Russian today remains more widely used in high prestige domains in Central Asia than in all other former Soviet republics except Belarus. However, Russian is less used in a wide variety of domains in Central Asia than it is in “autonomous” units of the former RSFSR.

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Characteristics of climatic variation from the perspective of “the Silk Road Economic Belt”

10.22541/au.160672147.74629202/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anfeng Qiang ◽

Ni Wang ◽

Jiancang Xie ◽

Jiahua Wei ◽

Xia Wei

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Interpolation Method ◽

Kriging Interpolation ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Seasonal Temperature ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

National Climatic Data Center ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Kriging Interpolation Method

The variance tendency of climatic and spatial-temporal equilibrium characteristics of major cities along the SREB were systematically described through moving mean method, Kriging interpolation method, Bernaola-Galvan algorithm and correlation analysis based on monthly scale data of global weather stations released by the National Climatic Data Center website since 1951. Some conclusions cloud be drawn: (1) The precipitation showed a downward trend in other districts with significant seasonal differences except the Europe. The annual precipitation was “N” type distribution in Central Asia, while showed an “inverted V” and a “positive V” distribution in the East Asia and West Asia respectively, and the precipitation change was relatively gentle in Europe. The dominant factors affecting climate were different in different districts. (2) The temperature continued to increase in all districts and the seasonal temperature presented unimodal distribution, the alternation of drying and wetting was obvious in each districts as well as the temperature was complex and changeable in Europe. (3) The mutation point of temperature was detected by using Bernaola-Galvan algorithm in all districts, but the timing of the mutation was not synchronous and the mutation point of precipitation was not detected except in Europe. (4) The precipitation was decreasing from west to east in space, and the temperature showed the morphological distribution characteristics of of low in the middle but high on both sides. (5) The change of temperature were more sensitive than precipitation, the precipitation in Central Asia was inversely correlated with other districts, however, there was a high positive correlation between temperature in all districts. The inversely correlation between temperature and precipitation was the most significant in Central Asia.

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Water Ecosystems of Central Asia: Important Factors Affecting the Environmental … Social Prosperity of the Region

Transboundary Water Resources: A Foundation for Regional Stability in Central Asia - NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security ◽

10.1007/978-1-4020-6736-5_3 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 43-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bulat Yessekin ◽

Malik Burlibayev ◽

Nina Medvedeva ◽

Sanzhar Stafin

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Water Ecosystems

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Factors Affecting Long-Term Trends in Global NDVI

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10050372 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 372 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yujie Yang ◽

Shijie Wang ◽

Xiaoyong Bai ◽

Qiu Tan ◽

Qin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Central Africa ◽

Kendall Test ◽

Boosted Regression Trees ◽

Underlying Distribution ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Ecological Conservation

Diagnosing the evolution trends of vegetation and its drivers is necessary for ecological conservation and restoration. However, it remains unclear what the underlying distribution pattern of these trends and its correlation with some drivers at large spatial-temporal scales. Here we use the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to quantify the activity of vegetation by Theil–Sen median trend analysis and the Mann–Kendall test, Pearson correlation analysis and Boosted regression trees (BRT) model. Results show that about 34% of the global continent area has experienced greening in the grid annual NDVI from 1982 to 2015. The major greening areas were observed in the Sahel, European, India and south China. Only 10% of the global continent land areas were browning, and these were observed in Canada, South America, central Africa and Central Asia. BRT model shows that rainfall is the most important factor affecting vegetation evolution (63.1%), followed by temperature (15%), land cover change (8.6%), population (6.5%), elevation (6.4%) and nightlight (0.4%). It’s about 21% of the world’s continent were affected by rainfall, mainly in arid regions such as central Asia and Australia. The main temperature-affected areas accounted for 36%, located near the equator or in high latitudes.

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Factors affecting Online Shopping in Central Asia : Comparison between Uzbekistan and Korea

Information Systems Review ◽

10.14329/isr.2021.23.2.067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 67-91

Author(s):

Pilgyun Kang ◽

◽

Jamol Sattorov ◽

DongBack Seo

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Online Shopping ◽

Factors Affecting

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FACTORS AFFECTING EXTERNAL DEBT IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES: THE CASE OF CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS

International Journal of Management Economics and Business ◽

10.17130/ijmeb.853521 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Ersin Nail SAĞDIÇ ◽

Fazlı YILDIZ

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Transition Economies ◽

External Debt ◽

The Caucasus ◽

Factors Affecting

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Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100078614 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 214-217

Author(s):

F. A. Heckman ◽

E. Redman ◽

J.E. Connolly

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Image Quality ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Image Contrast ◽

Automated Image Analysis ◽

Practical Application ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

High Image Quality ◽

Qualitative Evidence ◽

Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

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Factors affecting microstructural scale in liquid crystalline polymers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100174230 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 220-221

Author(s):

Christine M. Dannels ◽

Christopher Viney

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystalline ◽

Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Crystalline Polymers ◽

Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽

Low Thermal Expansion ◽

Lower Viscosity ◽

Fine Microstructure ◽

Planar Orientation ◽

Strength And Stiffness

Processing polymers from the liquid crystalline state offers several advantages compared to processing from conventional fluids. These include: better axial strength and stiffness in fibers, better planar orientation in films, lower viscosity during processing, low solidification shrinkage of injection moldings (thermotropic processing), and low thermal expansion coefficients. However, the compressive strength of the solid is disappointing. Previous efforts to improve this property have focussed on synthesizing stiffer molecules. The effect of microstructural scale has been overlooked, even though its relevance to the mechanical and physical properties of more traditional materials is well established. By analogy with the behavior of metals and ceramics, one would expect a fine microstructure (i..e. a high density of orientational defects) to be desirable.Also, because much microstructural detail in liquid crystalline polymers occurs on a scale close to the wavelength of light, light is scattered on passing through these materials.

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