Estimation of average marginal effects in multiplicative unobserved effects panel models

2017 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Panel Models ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Unobserved Effects ◽  
Average Marginal Effects

scholarly journals Estimation of Marginal Effects using Margeff

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Bartus
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Fast Estimation ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Average Marginal Effects ◽  
Underlying Variable

This article describes the user-written program margeff, which enables the fast estimation of (average) marginal effects. Besides describing the program, this article offers a new discussion of some problems that are related to computation of marginal effects. I will argue that (1) marginal effects computed at means are not good approximations of average marginal effects, computed as means of marginal effects evaluated at each observations, if some of the parameter estimates are large; (2) both average marginal effects and marginal effects computed at means might produce wrong estimates for dummies that are part of a set of indicator variables indicating different categories of a single underlying variable; and (3) the use of marginal effects computed at means is preferred if some of the regressors are mathematical transformations of other regressors.

scholarly journals Identification and estimation of marginal effects in nonlinear panel models

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Fernandez-Val ◽  
Victor Chernozhukov ◽  
Jinyong Hahn ◽  
Whitney K. Newey
Keyword(s):  
Panel Models ◽  
Marginal Effects

scholarly journals The Intergenerational Transmission of Early Childbearing: Examining Direct and Indirect Associations in a Swedish Birth Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Robin S. Högnäs ◽  
Alessandra Grotta
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Early Childbearing ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Nested Models ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Average Marginal Effects

Background. Research shows that early childbearing is associated negatively with educational attainment and socioeconomic status (SES). Children born to young versus older mothers often do less well in school, and many have early first births. Some studies suggest that mothers’ early childbearing operates through SES to influence the daughters’ early childbearing, and some argue that the association is strong net of SES. The current study tests these direct and indirect associations. Methods. We estimate the pathways through which mothers’ early childbearing influences daughters’ early childbearing in several steps. First, we examine bivariate associations between mothers’ early childbearing and SES, followed by bivariate associations between mothers’ SES outcomes and their daughters’ early childbearing. We then estimate the average marginal effects (AMEs) of mothers’ early children on daughters’, and a KHB decomposition to examine direct and indirect associations. Results. Findings suggest both direct and indirect associations. Nested models show that, net of a range of SES characteristics, mothers’ early childbearing increases the probability of daughters’ by approximately 8%; and KHB results suggest 37% mediation, with daughters’ school performance (12%) and household educational attainment (10%) contributing the highest shares. Conclusion. Mothers’ early childbearing and subsequent SES collectively influence the long-term wellbeing of children. Thus, early childbearing has consequences both within and across generations.

scholarly journals Self-versus Proxy-Reported Pain in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Population-Based Registry Study of 3783 Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272091152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Hägglund ◽  
Amanda Burman-Rimstedt ◽  
Tomasz Czuba ◽  
Ann I. Alriksson-Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Level I ◽  
Average Marginal Effects ◽  
Gmfcs Level

Objective: To assess how the prevalence of pain in a population-based sample of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) differ based on self- or proxy reporting. Methods: This cross-sectional registry study included 3783 children (58% boys), 1 to 18 years old, enrolled in the Swedish follow-up program for CP. Logistic regression was used to regress source of reporting (self or proxy) on the presence of general pain adjusted for age, sex, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) levels, including marginal effects between source of reporting and adjusted covariates. Results: The pain item was self-reported in 45%, proxy-reported in 51%, and information was missing in 3%. Pain was reported in 44% of those who self-reported and in 41% of those who proxy-reported ( P = .04). The logistic regression showed that the average marginal effects of proxy versus self-reported pain were lower among children at GMFCS level IV (−0.14, 95% CI −0.17 to −0.03) and CFCS level I (−0.09, CI −0.16 to −0.01) and higher at CFCS level III (0.11, CI 0.00-0.22). There were no statistically significant differences in average marginal effects related to age, sex, or the other GMFCS and CFCS levels between proxy and self-reporting. Conclusions: Pain was more often reported by those who self-reported. However, after adjusting for age, sex, CFCS level, and GMFCS level, the proportion of reported pain was almost equal between self and proxy-reporting. Assuming that the self- and proxy-reported groups were not significantly different on relevant factors not controlled for the results indicate that presence of pain is equally reported by children and parents.

scholarly journals What Levels the Association Between Income and Mortality in Later Life: Age or Health Decline?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Rehnberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Health Decline ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Average Marginal Effects

Abstract Objectives Researchers frequently use the “age-as-leveler” hypothesis to explain decreasing inequality and a weakened relationship between socioeconomic position and health in old age. This study examined whether health status can explain the age pattern in the association between income and mortality as predicted by the age-as-leveler hypothesis. Method This study used longitudinal (1991–2002) data from the SWEOLD and LNU surveys. The analytical sample consisted of 2,619 people aged 54–92 in 2003. Mortality (2003–2014) and income (1991–2000) was collected from Swedish national registers. Poisson regression was used to estimate associations between mortality, income, age, and health status. Average marginal effects were used to visualize interaction effects between income and age. Results The association between income and mortality weakened in those aged 84 and older. However, health status explained a large part of the effect that age had on the association between income and mortality. Analyses done after stratifying the sample by health status showed that the association between income and mortality was strong in people who reported good health and weak or nonexistent in those who reported poor health. Discussion Age leveled the income–mortality association; however, health status, not age, explained most of the leveling.

scholarly journals Marginal Effects of Multiple Years of Volunteering on Objective and Subjective Measures of Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Takashi Amano ◽  
Huei-wern Shen ◽  
Roger Wong
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Average Marginal Effects

Abstract Volunteering is conducive to older Americans’ physical and mental health; however, the effect of volunteering on cognitive health is less studied. Using four waves (2010-2016) of the Health and Retirement Study, this study examined the incremental effect of volunteering engagement on older adults’ cognitive health. We included10,718 cognitively unimpaired, community-dwelling individuals aged 51+ in 2010 and were alive through 2016. Volunteering engagement was measured by the number of times respondents participated in volunteering throughout the four waves. Objective cognition was assessed using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), a standardized test of cognitive functioning. The TICS score was further categorized into three statuses: “No impairment,” “Cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND),” and “Dementia.” Subjective cognition referred to self-rated memory on a 5-point Likert scale. With sampling weights, ordered logit regression was performed controlling for health-related variables (e.g., health conditions, depression), SES (e.g., income, assets), contextual features (e.g., neighborhood safety, urbanicity), and sociodemographics. The average marginal effects (AMEs) were produced. Results show that more volunteering engagement significantly reduced the likelihood of CIND or dementia (OR=0.88, p<0.001). Specifically, every one-time increase in volunteering increased the probability of remaining cognitively normal by 0.01 (p<0.001), whereas it decreased the probability of CIND by 0.008 (p<0.001) and dementia by 0.001 (p<0.001). For subjective cognition, there was no significant relationship with volunteering. Our findings address gaps in literature by adding evidence of the incremental health benefits of volunteering on cognitive functioning. Differences in the findings for subjective and objective cognition warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Impacts of innovation in dental care delivery and payment in Medicaid managed care for children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Conrad ◽  
Peter Milgrom ◽  
Yuxian Du ◽  
Joana Cunha-Cruz ◽  
Sharity Ludwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Managed Care ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Preventive Services ◽  
List Type ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Expected Cost ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Average Marginal Effects

Abstract Background We evaluated a 14-county quality improvement program of care delivery and payment of a dental care organization for child and adolescent managed care Medicaid beneficiaries after 2 years of implementation. Methods Counties were randomly assigned to either the intervention (PREDICT) or control group. Using Medicaid administrative data, difference-in-difference regression models were used to estimate PREDICT intervention effects (formally, “average marginal effects”) on dental care utilization and costs to Medicaid, controlling for patient and county characteristics. Results Average marginal effects of PREDICT on expected use and expected cost of services per patient (child or adolescent) per quarter were small and insignificant for most service categories. There were statistically significant effects of PREDICT (p < .05), though still small, for certain types of service: Expected number of diagnostic services per patient-quarter increased by .009 units; Expected number of sealants per patient-quarter increased by .003 units, and expected cost by $0.06; Total expected cost per patient-quarter for all services increased by $0.64. These consistent positive effects of PREDICT on diagnostic and certain preventive services (i.e., sealants) were not accompanied by increases in more costly service types (i.e., restorations) or extractions. Conclusion The major hypothesis that primary dental care (selected preventive services and diagnostic services in general) would increase significantly over time in PREDICT counties relative to controls was supported. There were small but statistically significant, increases in differential use of diagnostic services and sealants. Total cost per beneficiary rose modestly, but restorative and dental costs did not. The findings suggest favorable developments within PREDICT counties in enhanced preventive and diagnostic procedures, while holding the line on expensive restorative and extraction procedures.

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