scholarly journals What Levels the Association Between Income and Mortality in Later Life: Age or Health Decline?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Rehnberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Health Decline ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Average Marginal Effects

Abstract Objectives Researchers frequently use the “age-as-leveler” hypothesis to explain decreasing inequality and a weakened relationship between socioeconomic position and health in old age. This study examined whether health status can explain the age pattern in the association between income and mortality as predicted by the age-as-leveler hypothesis. Method This study used longitudinal (1991–2002) data from the SWEOLD and LNU surveys. The analytical sample consisted of 2,619 people aged 54–92 in 2003. Mortality (2003–2014) and income (1991–2000) was collected from Swedish national registers. Poisson regression was used to estimate associations between mortality, income, age, and health status. Average marginal effects were used to visualize interaction effects between income and age. Results The association between income and mortality weakened in those aged 84 and older. However, health status explained a large part of the effect that age had on the association between income and mortality. Analyses done after stratifying the sample by health status showed that the association between income and mortality was strong in people who reported good health and weak or nonexistent in those who reported poor health. Discussion Age leveled the income–mortality association; however, health status, not age, explained most of the leveling.

Abstract P303: Association of Overweight/Obesity and Self Reported Health Status in Hispanics: A Comparison with Non Hispanic Whites

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Ingram ◽  
Maria Canossa-Terris ◽  
Mary Comerford ◽  
Paul Kurlansky
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Heart Research ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Perception Of Health ◽  
The Impact

Introduction The growing global prevalence of obesity is recognized as an important risk for cardiovascular disease. Understanding self perception of weight as it pertains to health is critical to the success of weight reduction programs. The impact of ethnicity on this association has not been examined. Methods The sample included 927 Hispanic (H) and 72 Non-Hispanics white (NHW) adults who received free cardiovascular screening from Florida Heart Research Institute. Overweight and obesity were measured by Body Mass Index. Self-perceived health status was characterized as excellent, very good, good, fair or poor health. Logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors for perceived fair-poor health, as well as for excellent, very good health. Odds ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals were calculated. Results Both H and NHW overweight/obese subjects tended to view their health as good, very good or excellent: H (overweight 81.1%/obese 73%) and NHW (89.3%/66.7%). Logistic regression revealed the following independent correlates of self-perceived very good or excellent health: NHW (OR 3.618, CI 2.126, 6.157, p<0.001) and exercise (OR 1.640;CI 1.186, 2.268; p=0.003). Hypertension (OR 0.392; CI 0.246, 0.625; p<0.001), overweight (OR 0.551, CI0.386, 0.785, p=0.001) and obesity (OR 0.431, CI 0.288, 0.644; p<0.001) were all negatively associated with very good/excellent status. Conclusions Although it is not surprising that participation in regular exercise is associated with a better self-perception of health status, or that hypertension and obesity is correlated with a worse self-assessed health status, there are two striking findings that emerge from this data: 1. The vast majority of both H and NHW subjects do not perceive either overweight or obesity to be a major health problem. 2. Hispanics have a significantly worse self-perception of health status even after controlling for associated factors.This information provides a critical foundation for overcoming fundamental barriers to effective patient education_a critical first step in addressing the current epidemic of obesity in ethnically diverse populations.

Sociology of normal ageing

2012 ◽  
pp. 1512-1516
Author(s):  
Sarah Harper
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Narrative Psychology ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Disengagement Theory

Research on the sociology of normal ageing has focused on understanding the paradigms of ‘successful ageing’. In an apparent reaction to ‘disengagement theory’ which proposed that to withdraw from roles and relationships in old age was normal, a new conceptual framework was developed in the late 1960s and 1970s which attempted to explain how individuals adapted to the constraints of ageing and old age. This has been variously measured in terms of good health, high levels of physical and mental functioning, and active engagement with one's social and physical environment. While post-modernism and critical gerontology have attempted to refocus the debate, the emphasis of most research and writing has remained within the framework of understanding, explaining, and even facilitating, ‘success’ in old age. There is also a body of research which recognizes the importance of the life course perspective, and that throughout an individual's life, he or she is faced with continuities and discontinuities which have to be negotiated and resolved. Old age is but part of this life-long process. Changes which occur in later life, such as retirement and widowhood, will lead to discontinuities in roles and relationships, other aspects of our lives will undergo little change allowing continuity. Alongside this, perspectives from anthropology, history and the social constructionist school of thought have also been recently influential. This chapter will discuss concepts of age, generation, and cohort. It will consider the contribution of the life course approach to understanding ageing, and the manner in which other perspectives, such as social constructionism, narrative psychology and anthropology, have contributed to the sociology of normal ageing.

Gender Roles and Women's Sleep in Mid and Later Life: A Quantitative Approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 182-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Arber ◽  
Jenny Hislop ◽  
Marcos Bote ◽  
Robert Meadows
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Night Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women's Gender Roles

Women in mid and later life report particularly poor quality sleep. This article suggests a sociologically-informed quantitative approach to teasing out the impact of women's roles and relationships on their sleep, while also taking into account women's socio-economic characteristics and health status. This was accomplished through analysis of the UK Women's Sleep Survey 2003, based on self-completion questionnaires from a national sample of 1445 women aged over 40. The article assesses the ways in which three central aspects of women's gender roles: the night-time behaviours of their partners, night-time behaviours of their children, and night-time worries – impact on women's sleep, while also considering how disadvantaged socio-economic circumstances and poor health may compromise women's sleep. Using bivariate analysis followed by hierarchical multiple regression models, we examine the relative importance of different aspects of women's gender roles. The key factors implicated in the poor sleep quality of midlife and older women are their partner's snoring, night-time worries and concerns, poor health status (especially experiencing pain at night), disadvantaged socio-economic status (especially having lower educational qualifications) and for women with children, their children coming home late at night.

scholarly journals B-cell diversity decreases in old age and is correlated with poor health status

Aging Cell ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. Gibson ◽  
Yu-Chang Wu ◽  
Yvonne Barnett ◽  
Orla Duggan ◽  
Robert Vaughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
Cell Diversity

Health and aging: does retirement transition make any difference?

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
António M. Fonseca ◽  
Constança Paúl
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Basic Notion ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Health Decline

A basic notion relating to development during adulthood and old age, according to a lifespan perspective, refers to the progressive increase in individual differences in psychological wellbeing. It is possible to find diverse ‘health trajectories’, shaping patterns of evolution regarding the general health of adult and elderly individuals, such as (1) permanent good health (2) good health most of the time and decline by the end of life (3) health decline and recovery (4) permanent poor health, (5) progressive decline and (6) irregular health.

Continuity or Change: Inequalities in Health in Later Life

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina R. Victor
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
General Household Survey

ABSTRACTLater life and ill health are perceived as being synonymous. To be old is to be unhealthy, while youth is associated with good health. One result of the widespread acceptance of this stereotype is that there has been little analysis of differences in health status within the post-retirement age groups. Data from the 1980 and 1985 General Household Survey (GHS) are used to consider patterns of health in later life. Using cross-sectional analysis, it is shown that morbidity increases with age. However, even for those aged 85+ the experience of ill health is shown not to be universal. Health status varies between both men and women and between the social classes. These differences are shown not to be the result of the varying age composition of the gender and class groups. The data presented show that there are profound age, gender and class differences in health status in later life and these represent the continuation of inequalities observed within the non-retired population.

scholarly journals The effects of pre-retirement factors and retirement route on circumstances in retirement: findings from the Whitehall II study

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN HYDE ◽  
JANE FERRIE ◽  
PAUL HIGGS ◽  
GILL MEIN ◽  
JAMES NAZROO
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Developed World

Retirement has traditionally been seen as the beginning of old age. It has been depicted as mandatory expulsion from the workforce and seen to mark the transition to a period of ill health and poverty. Such ideas and associations are however being challenged in the developed world by socio-demographic changes in retirement and old age. People in the United Kingdom as elsewhere are living longer and healthier lives, and many older people have access to non-state incomes that afford them a reasonable standard of living in retirement. There is however still concern that inequalities persist into old age. Data from two waves of the British Whitehall II study have been used to assess the relative effects of occupational grade, psychological and general health during working life, and retirement patterns or pathways on activities, attitudes to health and income in retirement. The results show that the majority of the sample reported good health, financial security and overall satisfaction with life, but with observable inequalities. Regression analyses demonstrate that pre-retirement circumstances generally had a greater effect on later life than the retirement route or pathway. Retirement no longer represents a drastic break between working and post-work life but rather, the results suggest, there are continuities between the two periods. It is concluded that the main causes of inequalities in retirement are work-based rather than in retirement itself.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Sexual Intimacy among Malaysian Elderly Couples: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazwan Mat Din ◽  
Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Sexual Intimacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Sexual intimacy is an essential aspect of life regardless of age and proven to increase the quality of life of older persons. This study aimed to identify the determinants that predict sexual intimacy among elderly couples in Malaysia. A total of 1934 elderly were selected throughout Peninsular Malaysia and also Sabah and Sarawak. A validated questionnaire was used consisted of socio-demographic information, presence of chronic diseases, perceived present health status, satisfaction with current life, Body Mass Index, disability, social support and sexual intimacy sections. Despite still sleeping with their spouses (60.8%), majority of the respondents claimed incapable of having sexual intercourse (71.0%). Good sexual intimacy in later life was determined by being married and received good social support from family members and friends. On the other hand, those who aged 70 and above, female, non-Malay, had informal education, had gastritis, perceived their current health status as satisfactory, unsatisfied with current lifestyle and disabled were having a significant likelihood of having poor sexual intimacy at old age. The findings indicated the importance of being healthy and having good social support, which includes still having a spouse to maintain sexual intimacy in old age.

scholarly journals Buffering effects of safe, supportive, and nurturing relationships among women with childhood histories of maltreatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (15) ◽  
pp. 2628-2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R Jaffee ◽  
R. Takizawa ◽  
L. Arseneault
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health Risk Behaviours ◽  
History Of

BackgroundAdults who were victims of childhood maltreatment tend to have poorer health compared with adults who did not experience abuse. However, many are in good health. We tested whether safe, supportive, and nurturing relationships buffer women with a history of childhood maltreatment from poor health outcomes in later life.MethodsParticipants included women from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study who were involved in an intimate relationship at some point by the time their twin children were 10 years old. Women were initially interviewed in 1999–2000 (mean age = 33 years) and 2, 5, and 7 years later. They reported on their physical and mental health, and their health-risk behaviours.ResultsCompared with women who did not experience abuse in childhood, women with histories of maltreatment were at elevated risk for mental, physical, and health-risk behaviours, including major depressive disorder, sleep, and substance use problems. Cumulatively, safe, supportive, and nurturing relationships characterized by a lack of violence, emotional intimacy, and social support buffered women with a history of maltreatment from poor health outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings emphasize that negative social determinants of health – such as a childhood history of maltreatment – confer risk for psychopathology and other physical health problems. If, however, a woman's current social circumstances are sufficiently positive, they can promote good health, particularly in the face of past adversity.

scholarly journals Health inequalities based on ethnicity in individuals aged 15 to 64, Brazil, 1998

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Barradas Barata ◽  
Márcia Furquim de Almeida ◽  
Cláudia Valencia Montero ◽  
Zilda Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Status Differences

This study aimed to analyze inequalities in health status and utilization of medical consultations and hospital services by Brazilian young and adult populations according to ethnicity. The survey analyzes a representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 15 to 64 years, except those living in the rural area of the Amazon. The prevalence of fair or poor health status was substantially higher among black men, white women, and black women. The influence of gender and ethnicity remains significant after adjusting for age and socioeconomic conditions (OR = 1.11; 1.49 and 1.86 respectively). Differences between blacks and whites decrease with age, but increase with socioeconomic status. There were 10% more medical consultations among white individuals. The differences were more striking among young people who reported good health status. For individuals with fair or poor health, no differences were observed in frequency of medical consultations between blacks and whites. There were no significant differences in hospitalization rates. With regard to health status, differences between blacks and whites were striking. However, the same was not true for utilization of health services.

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