Grain yield, nitrogen-use efficiency and baking quality of old and modern Italian bread-wheat cultivars grown at different nitrogen levels

Improved nitrogen use-efficient cultivars could be the most economically beneficial and environmentally friendly approach to reduce pollution associated with excessive N fertilization. The performance and genetic gain in grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of a historical set of 12 bread wheat cultivars released for a heat-stressed environment were investigated at four N levels (0 (N0), 43 (N43), 86 (N86), and 129 (N129) kg/ha) for two seasons. Averaged across seasons, increasing N level from N0 to N43, N86, and N129 resulted in yield increases ranging from 4−45%, 13–69%, and 34–87% at N43, N86, and N129, respectively. These yield increases were associated with increases in biomass (r = 0.86, P<0.01). Regressing grain yield of cultivars released during 1960 to 2006 against the year of release showed no trend at N0 and positive nonsignificant trends at N43;. however, significant positive trends were found at N86 and N129 with genetic gain rates of 12.65 and 15.76 kg ha−1 year−1, respectively. This gain was associated with progresses in harvest index (HI) at N43, N86, and N129 but not at N0. On the other hand, during the period from 1960 to 1990, the genetic gain in grain yield at N86 was 24.5 kg ha−1 year−1. Regressing NUE against the year of release showed significant linear trends at N86 and N129 (R2 = 0.511 and R2 = 0.477, respectively), but not at N43. The results indicate that breeders improved grain yield and NUE over 46 years under the heat-stressed environment of Sudan although the rate of increase in yield has been slowed down in recent years. Further improvement in NUE might require broadening the genetic diversity and simultaneous evaluation at low and high N levels.

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Grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of various modern rice cultivars grown at different nitrogen levels

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904167.2016.1264421 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (8) ◽

pp. 1125-1132 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiaokun Li ◽

Zhengwei Xu ◽

Chen Guo ◽

Tao Ren ◽

Rihuan Cong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Use Efficiency

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Synergistic Impact of Co-applied Micronized Sulfur and Nitrogen on Agronomical Traits of a Modern Spring Wheat Cultivars Grown in Alkaline Soil

Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science ◽

10.9734/ajrcs/2020/v5i430100 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Sabah Morsy

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Content ◽

Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽

Total Protein ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Alkaline Soil ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Straw Yield ◽

Use Efficiency

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) uptakes only 40 to 60% of the soil available nitrogen. Sulfur deficiencies depress both nitrate uptake and nitrate reductase activity resulting in low nitrogen use efficiency. Soil and foliar supplied sulfur in combinations with foliar nitrogen were used on three of the modern and commercially grown wheat cultivars. The experiment was conducted in two consecutive growing seasons; 2017 and 2018 in a high pH soil, 8.55. Our results indicated that 714 kg ha-1 of pre-planting sulfur (SS) and spraying twice with 6.66% urea and 2.2% micronized sulfur (S1FS1N1) during stages 13 & 41 on Zadok`s scale, increased grain yield, total protein content, straw yield and plant height by 31.58, 26.09, 18.37 and 7.9% respectively. The results indicated a significant and positive impact sulfur-nitrogen combinations when applied on top of pre-planting applied sulfur. However, foliar sprayed sulfur had a more substantial effect on all traits, compared to the pre-planting sulfur or the foliar sprayed N, suggesting interference effect of the alkaline soil with the amount of sulfur recovered from the soil. When N and S foliar were applied simultaneously, a more substantial increase in grain yield, plant height, straw yield and total protein content was observed, suggesting a synergistic effect between these two elements. We attributed the positive effect of S1FS1N1 on improving photosynthates translocation from the sources to sinks. In addition to improving nitrogen use efficiency while reducing the plant content of NO−3 by optimizing the S/N ratio and reducing sulfur deficiency. Based on our results, we concluded that the foliar application of micronized S has the potential to improve the overall performance of wheat plants. Thus, we recommend enriching nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers with sulfur for alkaline soils.

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Effects of Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield And Nitrogen use Efficiency Of Some Newly Released Egyptian Rice Genotypes

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2018-0034 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 310-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Adel M. Ghoneim ◽

Gewaily E.E. ◽

Marvet M.A. Osman

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Nitrogen Use ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Rice Genotypes

Abstract Application of appropriate level of nitrogen fertilization is a major objective to increase nitrogen use efficiency by rice varieties. Field experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons to evaluate the efficiency of varying nitrogen fertilizer rates on growth and yield parameters, along with nitrogen use efficiency of some newly released rice varieties (Sakha 108) and some promising lines GZ9399-4-1-1-3-2-2, GZ10101- 5-1-1-1 and GZ10154-3-1-1-1. Five nitrogen levels (i.e. 0, 55, 110, 165 and 220 kg N ha-1) were used. The results from both growing seasons indicated that, Sakha 108 recorded the highest grain yield while GZ10154 and GZ10101 recorded the lowest grain yields. A linear increase in grain yield was observed with continuous rate increase of nitrogen from 0 to 220 kg ha-1, while 220 kg N ha-1 treatment showed maximum grain yield followed by 165 kg N ha-1, with control as minimum. Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AE) for studied rice genotypes varied significantly, and ranged from 3.63 to 32.9 and from 2.72 to 34.12 kg grain yield produced per kg of nitrogen applied in 2016 and 2017 respectively. Across N levels, GZ9399 recorded the highest values of AE for the nitrogen fertilizer rate of 165 kg N ha-1 in both seasons.

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