scholarly journals Influence of gamma emitter source intensity against energy on the image RMS contrast

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gholipour-Peyvandi ◽  
S.Z. Islami-Rad ◽  
R. Heshmati ◽  
S. Zaferanlouie ◽  
M. Ghannadi-Maragheh
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Emitter

An analytic solution from a spherical gamma emitter

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1112-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Atkinson ◽  
Ivan A. Brezovich
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Solution ◽  
Gamma Emitter

Production cross-section calculations of 111In via proton and alpha-induced nuclear reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (08) ◽  
pp. 2150051
Author(s):  
H. Özdoğan ◽  
İsmail Hakki Sarpün ◽  
Mert Şekerci ◽  
Abdullah Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Production Cross Section ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Weighting Matrix ◽  
Nuclear Models ◽  
Geometry Dependent Hybrid Model ◽  
Equilibrium Reactions ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Gamma Emitter

[Formula: see text], a known gamma emitter, is used for many medical purposes such as imaging of myocardial metastases. It can be produced by using different nuclear reactions. In this study, the reactions of [Formula: see text]Ag([Formula: see text]2n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]2n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]3n)[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]4n)[Formula: see text], which are the production routes of [Formula: see text], were investigated. Production cross-section calculations were performed by using equilibrium and pre-equilibrium models of TALYS 1.95 and EMPIRE 3.2 nuclear reaction codes. Hauser–Feshbach Model was appointed in both codes for calculations of equilibrium approximations. Exciton and Hybrid Monte Carlo Simulation (HMS) models were used in the EMPIRE 3.2, whereas Two-Component Exciton and Geometry Dependent Hybrid Model, which is implemented to TALYS code, has been used in the TALYS 1.95 for pre-equilibrium reactions. Also, a weighting matrix of the nuclear models was obtained by using statistical variance analysis. The optimum beam energy to obtain [Formula: see text] has been determined by using the results obtained from this weighting matrix.

scholarly journals The Effects of U-233 Impurity on U-232 and Tl-208 Buildup in Experimental Power Reactor with Thorium-Based Fuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 2072 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
R A P Dwijayanto ◽  
Suwoto ◽  
Zuhair ◽  
Z Su’ud
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Power Reactor ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Thorium Cycle ◽  
Gamma Emitter

Abstract The existence of Tl-208 in thorium fuel cycle is a double-edged sword. Tl-208 is a high-energy 2.6 MeV gamma emitter, which acts as an effective proliferation barrier while simultaneously complicating the handling of the spent fuel. To ensure the safety of the latter, the buildup of both Tl-208 and its parent, U-232, are necessary to be understood. This paper attempts to analyse the buildup of U-232 and Tl-208 in the Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (Experimental Power Reactor/RDE) fuel based on thorium cycle, using various U-233 isotopic vectors. The simulation result shows that U-232-contaminated fresh fuels ended up with higher Tl-208 and U-232 activities at the end of cycle (EOC) compared with uncontaminated fresh fuel. However, their U-232 build-up rate are lower and even negative at one case. Then, lower U-233 purity caused a higher U-232 and Tl-208 activities at EOC. This result implies a considerable difference of isotope buildup between the various U-233 vectors. Consequently, the thorium cycle-based RDE spent fuel handling should consider the isotopic vector of U-233 used in fresh fuel.

USE OF I125-LABELED 5-IODO-2′-DEOXYURIDINE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF DNA SYNTHESIS IN MAMMALIAN CELLS IN VITRO

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2343-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mak ◽  
J. E. Till
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beta Particles ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis ◽  
Gamma Emitter

The use of isotopically labeled 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (I125UdR) for determination of the rate of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in mammalian cells in vitro has been investigated. The results obtained indicate that for this purpose I125UdR is a suitable substitute for the more commonly used DNA precursor, tritium-labeled thymidine (H3TdR). I125UdR appears to be incorporated specifically into the DNA of cells in culture, and has been demonstrated to compete with H3TdR, although the Km for H3TdR was smaller than that of I125UdR by a factor of approximately 4. The amount of label incorporated into DNA of cells increased linearly with time. When the rate of DNA synthesis was reduced by exposure of the cells to various doses of X-rays, the ratio of I125UdR incorporation to H3TdR incorporation into DNA of cells was found to be a constant, which supports the view that uptake of the analogue provides as reliable an indication of effects upon the rate of DNA synthesis as does that of H3TdR. The chief advantage of I125UdR over H3TdR is that I125 is a gamma emitter, so that the difficulties encountered in detection of the low energy beta particles from H3 may be avoided.

The Use of Radioactive Cobalt in Studies of the Dispersal of Adult Females of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Green ◽  
C. R. Sullivan ◽  
W. F. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Successful Attempt ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Gamma Emitter

This paper describes a successful attempt to tag adult females of the European pine shoot, Rhyacionia buoliuna (Schiff.) with Co60, chosen as a tagging agent because it is a gamma emitter with a sufficiently long half-life (5.3 years). Emphasis is placed on the preparation and application of the tracer material, the absence of immediately harmful effects of radiation on the insects, and the ability of the insects to behave normally with the tags in place. This work was undertaken in order so develop techniques for following the movements of large numbers of these insects.

Millisecond Gamma Emitter from Protons on Tantalum

1955 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon D. Softky
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Emitter

scholarly journals Characterising U-232 and Tl-208 Buildup and Decay on Thorium-fuelled RGTT200K

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
R. Andika Putra Dwijayanto
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Very High Temperature Reactor ◽  
Fissile Nuclide ◽  
High Temperature Reactor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Very High ◽  
Buildup Rate ◽  
Gamma Emitter

Thallium-208 (Tl-208), a decay daughter of uranium-232 (U-232), is a strong 2.6 MeV gamma emitter present in significant amount in thorium fuel cycle. Its existence enhances the anti-proliferation characteristics of thorium fuel cycle, but at the same time complicates the fuel handling system. In order to ensure that radiation hazard is properly contained, the buildup and decay characteristics of both U-232 and Tl-208 need to be understood. This paper aimed to provide a characterisation on U-232 and Tl-208 buildup in the thorium-fuelled RGTT200K, a 200 MWt very high temperature reactor (VHTR) developed by BATAN, using ORIGEN2.1 depletion code. Pure and impure U-233 were used as the fissile nuclide for comparison. The result showed that U-232 buildup rate is faster in pure U-233, but its Tl-208 buildup is slower. Nonetheless, pure U-233 always has its U-232 and Tl-208 activity lower than impure U-233. Accordingly, both U-232 and Tl-208 radioactivity post-discharge in pure U-233 are lower than impure U-233, although the difference become somewhat negligible after 300 years of decay. Tl-208 activity peaked after 10 years of decay, necessitating different approach in managing post-discharge fuel management.

Evaluation of Lung Vascular Permeability by External Scanning of Gamma Emitter Activity

1990 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Robert J. Roselli ◽  
Valerie J. Abernathy ◽  
William R. Riddle ◽  
Richard E. Parker ◽  
N. Adriene Pou
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Lung Vascular Permeability ◽  
Gamma Emitter

Discovery of rhenium and masurium (technetium) by Ida Noddack-Tacke and Walter Noddack

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (06) ◽  
pp. N50-N54 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stelzner ◽  
F. F. Knapp ◽  
H.-J. Biersack
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
German Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gamma Emitter

SummaryThe history of the early identification of elements and their designation to the Mendeleev Table of the Elements was an important chapter in German science in which Ida (1896-1978) and Walter (1893-1960) Noddack played an important role in the first identification of rhenium (element 75, 1925) and technetium (element 43, 1933). In 1934 Ida Noddack was also the first to predict fission of uranium into smaller atoms. Although the Noddacks did not for some time later receive the recognition for the first identification of technetium-99m, their efforts have appropriately more recently been recognized. The discoveries of these early pioneers are even more astounding in light of the limited technologies and resources which were available during this period. The Noddack discoveries of elements 43 and 75 are related to the sub sequent use of rhenium-188 (beta/ gamma emitter) and technetium-99m (gamma emitter) in nuclear medicine. In particular, the theranostic relationship between these two generator-derived radioisotopes has been demonstrated and offers new opportunities in the current era of personalized medicine.

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