Discovery of rhenium and masurium (technetium) by Ida Noddack-Tacke and Walter Noddack

SummaryThe history of the early identification of elements and their designation to the Mendeleev Table of the Elements was an important chapter in German science in which Ida (1896-1978) and Walter (1893-1960) Noddack played an important role in the first identification of rhenium (element 75, 1925) and technetium (element 43, 1933). In 1934 Ida Noddack was also the first to predict fission of uranium into smaller atoms. Although the Noddacks did not for some time later receive the recognition for the first identification of technetium-99m, their efforts have appropriately more recently been recognized. The discoveries of these early pioneers are even more astounding in light of the limited technologies and resources which were available during this period. The Noddack discoveries of elements 43 and 75 are related to the sub sequent use of rhenium-188 (beta/ gamma emitter) and technetium-99m (gamma emitter) in nuclear medicine. In particular, the theranostic relationship between these two generator-derived radioisotopes has been demonstrated and offers new opportunities in the current era of personalized medicine.

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Applications of Radiolabelled Curcumin and Its Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7410

Author(s):

Matteo Mari ◽

Debora Carrozza ◽

Erika Ferrari ◽

Mattia Asti

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Application ◽

Medicinal Chemistry ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Present Review ◽

Chemical Modifications ◽

Technetium 99M ◽

Curcumin Derivatives ◽

Gallium 68

Curcumin is a natural occurring molecule that has aroused much interest among researchers over the years due to its pleiotropic set of biological properties. In the nuclear medicine field, radiolabelled curcumin and curcumin derivatives have been studied as potential radiotracers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and cancer. In the present review, the synthetic pathways, labelling methods and the preclinical investigations involving these radioactive compounds are treated. The studies entailed chemical modifications for enhancing curcumin stability, as well as its functionalisation for the labelling with several radiohalogens or metal radionuclides (fluorine-18, technetium-99m, gallium-68, etc.). Although some drawbacks have yet to be addressed, and none of the radiolabelled curcuminoids have so far achieved clinical application, the studies performed hitherto provide useful insights and lay the foundation for further developments.

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Atypical cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestation of SARS-CoV-2: ‘COVID-19 toes’ and spasticity in a 48-year-old woman

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-241410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. e241410

Author(s):

Avery Kopacz ◽

Cameron Ludwig ◽

Michelle Tarbox

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Adult Patient ◽

Early Identification ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Rare Occurrence ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Crucial Component ◽

History Of ◽

Screening Questions ◽

Insight Into

Establishing accurate symptomatology associated with novel diseases such as COVID-19 is a crucial component of early identification and screening. This case report identifies an adult patient with a history of clotting dysfunction presenting with rare cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19, known as ‘COVID-19 toes’', previously described predominantly in children. Additionally, this patient presented with possible COVID-associated muscle spasticity of the lower limbs, as well as a prolonged and atypical timeline of COVID-19 infection. The rare occurrence of ‘COVID-19 toes’' in this adult patient suggests that her medical history could have predisposed her to this symptom. This supports the coagulopathic hypothesis of this manifestation of COVID-19 and provides possible screening questions for patients with a similar history who might be exposed to the virus. Additionally, nervous system complaints associated with this disease are rare and understudied, so this novel symptom may also provide insight into this aspect of SARS-CoV-2.

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Evaluation of the effect of an extract of sabugueiro (Sambucus australis) on the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132007000600020 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (spe) ◽

pp. 161-166

Author(s):

Camila Godinho Ribeiro ◽

Bernardo Machado Rebello ◽

Rosane de Figueiredo Neves ◽

Sebastião David Santos-Filho ◽

Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Trichloroacetic Acid ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Chemical Substances ◽

Blood Constituents ◽

Technetium 99M

Sambucus australis (sabugueiro) has been used to treat inflammatory and rheumatologic disorders. Blood constituents labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) have been used in nuclear medicine to obtain diagnostic images. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a sabugueiro extract on the labeling of blood cells with 99mTc. Blood samples from Wistar rats were incubated with sabugueiro extract and the radiolabeling assay of blood constituents was carried out. After centrifugation, samples of plasma and blood cells were separated. Aliquots of plasma and blood cells were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and centrifuged to isolate soluble and insoluble fractions. The radioactivity in each fraction was counted and the percentage of activity (%ATI) was determined. Incubation with sabugueiro extract altered significantly (p<0.05) the %ATI incorporated to the blood constituents. These results could be explained due the presence of chemical substances in the sabugueiro extract that present redox and/or chelating action altering the labeling of the blood constituents with 99mTc.

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Nuclear medicine and anatomic pathology in personalized medicine: a challenging alliance

Personalized Medicine ◽

10.2217/pme-2018-0050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 457-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nicoletta Urbano ◽

Manuel Scimeca ◽

Elena Bonanno ◽

Orazio Schillaci

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Personalized Medicine ◽

Anatomic Pathology

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Chelators and metal complex stability for radiopharmaceutical applications

Radiochimica Acta ◽

10.1515/ract-2018-3090 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 107 (9-11) ◽

pp. 1087-1120 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nkemakonam C. Okoye ◽

Jakob E. Baumeister ◽

Firouzeh Najafi Khosroshahi ◽

Heather M. Hennkens ◽

Silvia S. Jurisson

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Metal Complex ◽

Complex Stability ◽

Critical Aspect ◽

Technetium 99M ◽

Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽

Key Factor ◽

The 1960S ◽

Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine

Abstract Diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine relies heavily on radiometal nuclides. The most widely used and well-known radionuclide is technetium-99m (99mTc), which has dominated diagnostic nuclear medicine since the advent of the 99Mo/99mTc generator in the 1960s. Since that time, many more radiometals have been developed and incorporated into potential radiopharmaceuticals. One critical aspect of radiometal-containing radiopharmaceuticals is their stability under in vivo conditions. The chelator that is coordinated to the radiometal is a key factor in determining radiometal complex stability. The chelators that have shown the most promise and are under investigation in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals over the last 5 years are discussed in this review.

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History of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

Comprehensive Biomedical Physics ◽

10.1016/b978-0-444-53632-7.00101-5 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 1-37

Author(s):

T.F. Budinger ◽

T. Jones

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Molecular Imaging ◽

History Of

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Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia and the Impact on Nuclear Cardiology Services: An Institutional Experience

International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) ◽

10.31344/ijhhs.v5i0.316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Ahmad Zaid Zanial ◽

Syifaa Aminudin ◽

FatinHayani Mohamad Najib ◽

Siti Zarina Amir Hassan

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Infection Control ◽

Nuclear Cardiology ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Main Difficulty ◽

Technetium 99M ◽

Institutional Experience ◽

The Impact ◽

Second Wave

Introduction: Nuclear cardiology applying radioactive tracer and hybrid imaging techniques are able to provide information needed to detect and evaluate ischaemic heart diseases. In our centre, nuclear cardiology services involving stress and rest myocardial perfusion scans and viability studies contribute about 40% of overall scan workload. The second wave of COVID- 19 pandemic in Malaysia announced by the end of February 2020 has affected nuclear cardiology services.Objectives: Our aims were to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic second wave on the nuclear cardiology imaging studies performed as well as to ascertain crucial institutional experience especially unavoidable problem and adjustment during the period.Methods: A review of Technetium-99m tetrofosmin radiopharmaceutical dispensing data and scan records for 1st February to 31st August 2019 and 2020 was conducted at Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Figures were compiled and statistical analysis done. Survey and focus discussion conducted involving nuclear medicine physicians, pharmacists and physic officers to identify the main difficulty faced and most important Job-adapting measure taken.Results: A total of 1109 cardiac radiopharmaceutical doses dispensed during the studied period but were less when compared to 1342 doses dispensed last year. Significant reduction was noted in April and May 2020 with only 69 and 67 cases respectively in comparison with monthly average of 192 cases in 2019. Although some scan appointments were postponed to avoid the usual waiting area congestions, the main difficulty faced was Technetium-99m generator supply disruption with limited production in Europe and international transportation restriction. Implementing infection control standard operating procedure (SOP) instructions as part of routine work practice with emphasis of time, distance and shielding concept was the most important Job-adapting measure.Conclusion: Nuclear cardiology services were affected by the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic locally. Main problem ascertained was disruption of radioactive supply. Most important adjustment was infection control SOP implementation.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2021 Page: S25

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Psychiatric Symptomatology in Early-Onset Binswanger’s Disease: Two Case Reports

Behavioural Neurology ◽

10.1155/1995/985690 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 43-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. M. Lawrence ◽

J. C. Hillam

Keyword(s):

Early Identification ◽

Psychiatric Illness ◽

Case Reports ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽

Neurological Signs ◽

Binswanger’S Disease ◽

History Of ◽

Binswanger's Disease

We describe two cases of Binswanger's disease of pre-senile onset which presented with affective and psychotic symptoms well before the appearance of cognitive deterioration and neurological signs, initially evading an accurate diagnosis. Psychiatrists should be aware of white matter disease and its role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric illness. Particular attention should be given to a history of hypertension as a risk factor in the early identification of these cases.

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