Superficial Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Varicose Veins: Role of Thrombophilia Factors, Age and Body Mass

Objective To investigate which factors other than history of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) are associated with recurrent spontaneous SVT episodes in patients with varicose veins (VVs). Materials and methods Patients with a history of spontaneous SVT and VVs were followed up for a mean period of 55 months. Demographics, comorbidities, and thrombophilia screening test were analyzed. Patients were grouped according to the clinical–etiology–anatomy–pathophysiology classification. A multiple logistic regression analysis with the forward likelihood ratio method was undertaken. Results Thirteen patients out of 97 had a recurrence SVT episode during the follow-up period. All those patients were identified to have a thrombophilia defect. Protein C and S, antithrombin, and plasminogen deficiencies were more frequently present in patients without recurrence. Gene mutations were present in 38% in the nonrecurrence group and 77% in the recurrence group. After logistic regression analysis, patients with dislipidemia and mutation in prothrombin G20210A (FII) had an increased risk for recurrence by 5.4-fold and 4.6-fold, respectively. No deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism occurred. Conclusions Dislipidemia and gene mutations of F II are associated with SVT recurrence in patients with VVs. A selection of patients may benefit from anticoagulation in the short term and from VVs intervention in the long term.

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Treatment of Superficial Vein Thrombosis with Standardized Application of Essaven Gel

Angiology ◽

10.1177/0003319701052003s11 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 52 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. S57-S62 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M.T. De Sanctis ◽

M.R. Cesarone ◽

L. Incandela ◽

G. Belcaro ◽

M. Griffin

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Local Treatment ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis ◽

Effective Use ◽

And Control ◽

Average Skin

The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the effect of local treatment with Essaven gel (EG) in comparison with placebo in 30 patients with superficial vein thrombosis (SVT). The 4-week study evaluated the average skin temperature and an analogue symptomatic score. Below-knee SVT was associated with large varicose veins. In patients treated with active EG the decrease in score and in the average, composite skin temperature was significantly larger than in the placebo and control groups. No intolerance was observed. The decrease in score and temperature in the placebo group was mainly due to skin manipulation and massage. In conclusion, treatment with EG in SVT improves symptoms and decreases skin temperature faster. This study confirms earlier observations on the effective use of EG in SVT.

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Diagnosis and treatment of superficial vein thrombosis

Hämostaseologie ◽

10.5482/hamo-13-04-0027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (03) ◽

pp. 232-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. M. Bauersachs

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Common Disease ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Thromboembolic Complications ◽

Double Blind ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis

SummarySuperficial vein thrombosis (SVT) is a common disease, characterized by an inflammatory- thrombotic process in a superficial vein. Typical clinical findings are pain and a warm, tender, reddish cord along the vein. Until recently, no reliable epidemiological data were available. The incidence is estimated to be higher than that of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) (1/1000). SVT shares many risk factors with DVT, but affects twice as many women than men and frequently occurs in varicose veins. Clinically, SVT extension is commonly underestimated, and patients may have asymptomatic DVT. Therefore, ultrasound assessment and exclusion of DVT is essential. Risk factors for concomitant DVT are recent hospitalization, immobilization, autoimmune disorders, age > 75 years, prior VTE, cancer and SVT in non-varicose veins. Even though most patients with isolated SVT (without concomitant DVT or PE) are commonly treated with anticoagulation for a median of 15 days, about 8% experience symptomatic thromboembolic complications within three months. Risk factors for occurrence of complications are male gender, history of VTE, cancer, SVT in a non-varicose vein or SVT involving the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ). As evidence supporting treatment of isolated SVT was sparse and of poor quality, the large, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled CALISTO trial was initiated assessing the effect of fondaparinux on symptomatic outcomes in isolated SVT. This study showed that, compared with placebo, 2.5 mg fondaparinux given for 45 days reduced the risk of symptomatic thromboembolic complications by 85% without increasing bleeding. Based on CALISTO and other observational studies, evidence-based recommendations can be made for the majority of SVT patients. Further studies can now be performed in higher risk patients to address unresolved issues.

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Superficial vein thrombosis in non-varicose veins of the lower limbs and thrombophilia

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/0268355517690643 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 278-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriella Lucchi ◽

Salvino Bilancini ◽

Sandro Tucci ◽

Massimo Lucchi

Keyword(s):

Varicose Veins ◽

Factor V Leiden ◽

Protein S ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Factor V ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Acquired Thrombophilia

Objectives Superficial vein thrombosis in non-varicose veins of the lower limbs is rather frequent and may be underestimated. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of inherited or acquired thrombophilia in a sample of outpatients with the disease. Method An observational study was conducted on 73 consecutive superficial vein thrombosis patients tested for inherited or acquired thrombophilia. Results Sixty of 73 patients with superficial vein thrombosis completed the testing protocol, while 13 dropped out; 46 of 60 patients were found to have a thrombophilia (76.6%). The types detected were: factor V Leiden (31/60, i.e. 51.6%), prothrombin mutation (2/60, i.e. 3.3%), MTHFR mutation (23/60, i.e. 38.3%), antiphospholipid antibodies (5/60, i.e. 8.3%), protein C deficit (1/60, i.e. 1.6%), protein S deficit (1/60, i.e. 1.6%), and antithrombin deficit (0/60, i.e. 0%). Conclusions Among patients with superficial vein thrombosis in non-varicose veins, testing demonstrated a high prevalence of thrombophilia. The most common form proved to be factor V Leiden. As thrombophilia was found to be a major cause of superficial vein thrombosis in non-varicose veins, the authors recommend that patients with superficial vein thrombosis in non-varicose veins be investigated for thrombophilia.

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Superficial Vein Thrombosis of Lower Limbs: Influence of Factor V Leiden, Factor II G20210A and Overweight

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1615180 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 80 (08) ◽

pp. 239-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Robert Wutschert ◽

Monica Heinzmann ◽

Thomas Perneger ◽

Guido Reber ◽

Henri Bounameaux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Varicose Veins ◽

Factor V Leiden ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Factor V ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Factor Ii ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis ◽

Fv Leiden

SummarySuperficial vein thrombosis (SVT) has been reported in patients with thrombophilia. In the present unmatched case-control study, the two most common thrombophilic abnormalities (factor V Leiden and factor II G20210A) were searched for in 112 consecutive patients with SVT of lower limbs and in 180 healthy donors. FV Leiden was present in 16/112 (14.3%) SVT patients and 11/180 (6.1%) controls (odds ratio 2.51, 95% CI 1.04-6.24) and FII G20210A in 4/112 (3.6%) patients and 2/180 (1.1%) controls (OR 3.28, 95% CI 0.46-36.84). In addition, body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2 was also associated with SVT (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.60-5.00). After adjustement for BMI ≥28 kg/m2, the association between FV Leiden and SVT remained strong though no longer statistically significant. Among patients with SVT, the presence of FV Leiden was independently associated with the absence of varicose veins (OR 4.62, 95% CI 1.25-18.0) and with a BMI ≥28 kg/m2 (OR 3.74, 95% CI 1.05-15.1). In conclusion, both FV Leiden and overweight seem to predispose to SVT, a finding that should be confirmed in larger studies.

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Treatment of Superficial Vein Thrombosis: Clinical Evaluation of Essaven Gel

Angiology ◽

10.1177/0003319701052003s13 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 52 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. S69-S72 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. Incandela ◽

M.T. De Sanctis ◽

M.R. Cesarone ◽

A. Ricci ◽

B.M. Errichi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Placebo Group ◽

Clinical Evaluation ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Local Treatment ◽

Spontaneous Resolution ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis ◽

Local Use

The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the effect of local treatment with Essaven gel (EG), in comparison with placebo in 30 patients with superficial vein thrombosis (SVT). The 8-week study evaluated SVT with an analogue clinical/sympto matic score. SVT was associated with varicose veins. In patients treated with active EG the decrease in score was significantly larger (p < 0.02) than in the placebo group. No intolerance was observed. The decrease in score in the placebo group was due to spontaneous resolution and to skin manipulation and massage. In conclusion local treatment with EG in SVT improves signs/symptoms much faster than placebo. This study confirms earlier observation on the effective, local use of EG in SVT.

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Factors associated with the development of superficial vein thrombosis in patients with varicose veins

Thrombosis Research ◽

10.1016/j.thromres.2013.05.017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 47-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Christos Karathanos ◽

Maria Exarchou ◽

Aspasia Tsezou ◽

Despina Kyriakou ◽

Cees Wittens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Varicose Veins ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis

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Management of Superficial Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Varicose Veins: A Survey among Members of National Surgical Society from Republic of Moldova

Vascular Specialist International ◽

10.5758/vsi.200021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 105-111

Author(s):

Florin Bzovii ◽

Dumitru Casian ◽

Vasile Culiuc ◽

Evghenii Gutu

Keyword(s):

Varicose Veins ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Republic Of Moldova ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis

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Effectiveness of treatment of patients with superficial vein thrombosis associated with varicose veins in real clinical practice

Ambulatory surgery hospital-replacing technologies ◽

10.21518/1995-1477-2020-1-2-38-45 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

E. P. Burleva ◽

A. Yu. Leshchinskaya ◽

O. M. Kremenevskiy ◽

A. A. Zasorin

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Vascular Surgery ◽

Saphenous Vein ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

High Ligation ◽

Superficial Vein ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Results Of Treatment ◽

Superficial Vein Thrombosis ◽

Real Clinical Practice

Introduction. Approaches to the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis associated with varicose veins (V-SVT) has undergone significant changes in the last decade as a result of randomized clinical studies on the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy in V-SVT. At the same time, there is still not enough specific clinical data covering the results of treatment of patients with V-SVT and reflecting the willingness of doctors to abandon active surgical tactics in this variant of thrombophlebitis.Aim – study the effectiveness of treatment of patients with superficial vein thrombosis associated with varicose veins (V-SVT) in real clinical practice.Materials and methods. A retrospective non-comparative study of the results of treatment of 82 patients with V-SVT (w/m – 49/33, mean age – 55.5 years) who underwent of treatment in two departments of vascular surgery in 2019. A retrospective analysis of outpatient records of 81 patients with V-SVT discharged from the hospital was performed. Clinical and ultrasound parameters were highlighted to summarize the results. The methods of standard statistics applied using the program MS Excel 2016.Results. The localization of thrombus in the system of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in 68 cases (82.9%), in system of the small saphenous vein (SSV) in 8 cases (9.8%), in both systems – 6 cases (7.3%). Localization of the top of the thrombus 20–80 mm from the sapheno-femoral (SFJ)/sapheno-popliteal junctions (SPJ) – 60 (67.5%), passage into deep veins – 12 (13.4%), localization of the top of the thrombus to the level of the middle third of the thigh – 8 (9.0%), in the tributaries and trunk of the GSV/SSV on the leg below knee – 9 (10.1%). The type of the thrombus proximal part: occlusal – 61 (68.5%), non-occlusal – 6 (6.7%), floating – 22 (24.7%). Surgical interventions: high ligation of SFJ – 49 (55.1%), dissection of the SPJ – 8 (9.0%), high ligation + thrombectomy – 12 (13.4%). Conservative treatment at vascular surgery department – 20 (22.5%). Recovery – 81 (98.7%). Death – 1 (massive pulmonary embolism upon admission). After 1 month in the outpatient period, a complete relief of the inflammatory process was registered in 76 patients (93.8%), partial in 5 patients (6.2%). Regression of the thrombotic process: complete in 7 patients (8.7%), partial in 74 patients (91.3%). A case of successful treatment of a patient with V-SVT using parnaparin sodium given in this article.Conclusion. It is necessary to revise the drug therapy of V-SVT with increasing dose of anticoagulants and prolongation of anticoagulant therapy to achieve effective results in regression of thrombotic process in superficial veins of the lower extremities.

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