Sepsis is still a severe health problem worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. Blood
bacterial culture remains the gold standard for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in bloodstream infections,
but it is time-consuming, and both the sophisticated equipment and well-trained personnel are
required. Immunoassays and genetic diagnosis are expensive and limited to specificity and sensitivity.
Aptamers are single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) oligonucleotide
or peptide sequence generated in vitro based on the binding affinity of aptamer-target by a process
known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). By taking several
advantages over monoclonal antibodies and other conventional small-molecule therapeutics, such as
high specificity and affinity, negligible batch-to-batch variation, flexible modification and production,
thermal stability, low immunogenicity and lack of toxicity, aptamers are presently becoming promising
novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents. This review describes the prospective application of aptamerbased
laboratory diagnostic assays and therapeutics for pathogenic bacteria and toxins in bloodstream
infections.
Acclimatization Study for Biohydrogen Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) in Continuous-flow System
