In recent years, there has been a growing need for accurate models that describe the dynamics of renewable energy sources, especially photovoltaic sources and wind turbines. In light of this gap, this work focuses on the validation of standard dynamic models developed by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC), using actual measurements from the Western Texas and Southern California transmission networks. The tests are based on the North American Electric Reliability Corporation compliance standards and include dynamic stability tests for volt-varcontrol and primary frequency response. Through an extensive set of field tests, we show that the WECC generic models can be used to simulate real dynamic phenomena in large-scale solar photovoltaic power plants, and we propose guidelines for correct usage of these models. The results show that the WECC models are especially accurate when the photovoltaic system is connected with a low impedance to the main network. We also show that the tested WECC models successfully predict the frequency response of an actual grid event that occurred in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas and which resulted in a loss of nearly 1.365 GW. This result supports the use of these models in the study of large-scale dynamic phenomena that include renewable energy sources.
Influence of renewable energy sources on transmission networks in Central Europe