Microbial process-oriented understanding of stimulation of soil N2O emission following the input of organic materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 117176
Author(s):  
Zhaoxiong Chen ◽  
Xiaoshun Tu ◽  
Han Meng ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Yuejun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Microbial Process ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on nitrous oxide emission in a nitrogen-rich and two nitrogen-limited tropical forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3503-3517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mianhai Zheng ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Weixing Zhu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) deposition is generally considered to increase soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in N-rich forests. In many tropical forests, however, elevated N deposition has caused soil N enrichment and further phosphorus (P) deficiency, and the interaction of N and P to control soil N2O emission remains poorly understood, particularly in forests with different soil N status. In this study, we examined the effects of N and P additions on soil N2O emission in an N-rich old-growth forest and two N-limited younger forests (a mixed and a pine forest) in southern China to test the following hypotheses: (1) soil N2O emission is the highest in old-growth forest due to the N-rich soil; (2) N addition increases N2O emission more in the old-growth forest than in the two younger forests; (3) P addition decreases N2O emission more in the old-growth forest than in the two younger forests; and (4) P addition alleviates the stimulation of N2O emission by N addition. The following four treatments were established in each forest: Control, N addition (150 kg N ha−1 yr−1), P addition (150 kg P ha−1 yr−1), and NP addition (150 kg N ha−1 yr−1 plus 150 kg P ha−1 yr−1). From February 2007 to October 2009, monthly quantification of soil N2O emission was performed using static chamber and gas chromatography techniques. Mean N2O emission was shown to be significantly higher in the old-growth forest (13.9 ± 0.7 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1) than in the mixed (9.9 ± 0.4 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1) or pine (10.8 ± 0.5 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1) forests, with no significant difference between the latter two. N addition significantly increased N2O emission in the old-growth forest but not in the two younger forests. However, both P and NP addition had no significant effect on N2O emission in all three forests, suggesting that P addition alleviated the stimulation of N2O emission by N addition in the old-growth forest. Although P fertilization may alleviate the stimulated effects of atmospheric N deposition on N2O emission in N-rich forests, this effect may only occur under high N deposition and/or long-term P addition, and we suggest future investigations to definitively assess this management strategy and the importance of P in regulating N cycles from regional to global scales.

scholarly journals Stimulation of N2O emission by conservation tillage management in agricultural lands: A meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Mei ◽  
Zhenfeng Wang ◽  
Hong Huang ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Xu Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Stimulation Of

Process-oriented simulation and observations of N2O emission from intensively managed agricultural cropping system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terenzio Zenone ◽  
Lucia Ottaiano ◽  
Antonio Manco ◽  
Luca Vitale ◽  
Daniela Famulari
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Intensively Managed

AZIDE EFFECTS UPON N2O EMISSION AND TRANSFORMATIONS OF N IN SOILS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. AULAKH ◽  
D. A. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
General Inhibitor ◽  
Key Words Denitrification ◽  
Oxidation Of No ◽  
Very High ◽  
Stimulation Of

N2O emissions from soils under aerobic conditions were severalfold higher in the presence of azide (1 mM) than in its absence. Nitrogen, added either as NH4+ or NO3−, had no effect on the azide’s induced N2O production. Although the physiological basis by which azide induces the very high evolution of N2O remains unknown, it cannot be attributed to nitrification as a source of N2O emission in the presence of azide, the inhibitory effect of azide on the reduction of N2O to N2, or to the extensive destruction of azide by nitrite under the conditions of the present study. A possible explanation may lie in the stimulation of denitrification processes due to the azide’s role in the synthesis of denitrifying enzymes. This study has reconfirmed that, like N-serve and C2H2, azide (1 mM) is a very effective inhibitor of nitrification. However, azide had no effect on the oxidation of NO2− to NO3−, and was also shown not to be a general inhibitor of microbial activity. Key words: Denitrification, nitrification, dissimilatory nitrase reductase, denitrifying enzymes

Stimulation of N2O emission by manure application to agricultural soils may largely offset carbon benefits: a global meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 4068-4083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Zhou ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Shijie Wang ◽  
Xinyu Zhu ◽  
Harry Vereecken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Stimulation of soil microorganisms in pesticide-contaminated soil using organic materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Dinesh Adhikari ◽  
◽  
Ima Yudha Perwira ◽  
Kiwako S. Araki ◽  
Motoki Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Transformasi Nitrogen dalam Tanah Tergenang: Aplikasi Jerami Padi dan Kompos Jerami Padi

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Lilik Tri Indriyati ◽  
Supiandi Sabiham ◽  
Latifah Kosim Darusman ◽  
Rykson Situmorang ◽  
. Sudarsono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Soil Flooding ◽  
Nitrate Availability ◽  
First Time

The use of organic materials aimed at reducing the dependence on inputs such as chemical fertilizers can contribute to sustainability and improving the low N fertilizer efficiency of rice plants in paddy soils.  Therefore, better understanding of N transformation in flooded soils, particularly the microbial transformation of N-organic amendments to plant-available N and gaseous N forms is needed for most efficient use of soil and organic materials N, for determining the potential of denitrification and for aiding in the selection of N management practices for sustainable agriculture.  The experiments were conducted in the laboratory and glasshouse of Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University.  An incubation experiment was conducted in the laboratory at room temperature during 120 d to analyze the mineralization-immobilization patterns in flooded soils amended with rice straw, rice straw composts 4 mo and 8 mo and their combinations with urea.  The first time of soil flooding, mineral N (N-NH4+ and N-NO3-) concentrations in all of the amended soils sharply decreased and those gradually increase since 7 d of incubation.  It might be due to the reduction of N-NO3- to N2O and N2, and immobilization.  This data was consistent with the data of N2O emission derived from pot experiment.  The high emission of N2O was observed at the first time of soil flooding of the amended soils, and the soils added rice straw showed the largest N2O emission than the other treatments. It might be due to the change of soil condition from aerobic to anaerobic condition, and the higher decomposable C as energy source for denitrifyer contained in rice straw.  Regardless the organic materials added to soils, the longer anaerobic condition, nitrification sharply decreased, so that nitrate availability limits denitrifications.decreased, so that nitrate availability limits denitrifications.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on nitrous oxide emission in a nitrogen-rich and two nitrogen-limited tropical forests

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Zheng ◽  
T. Zhang ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
W. X. Zhu ◽  
W. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) deposition is generally considered to increase soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in N-rich forests. In many tropical forests, however, elevated N deposition has caused soil N enrichment and further phosphorus (P) deficiency, and the interaction of N and P to control soil N2O emission remains poorly understood, particularly in forests with different soil N status. In this study, we examined the effects of N and P additions on soil N2O emission in an N-rich old-growth forest and two N-limited younger forests (a mixed and a pine forest) in southern China, to test the following hypotheses: (1) soil N2O emission is the highest in old-growth forest due to the N-rich soil; (2) N addition increases N2O emission more in the old-growth forest than in the two younger forests; (3) P addition decreases N O emission more in the old-growth forest than in the two younger forests; and (4) P addition alleviates the stimulation of N2O emission by N addition. The following four treatments were established in each forest: Control, N addition (150 kg N ha–1 yr–1), P addition (150 kg P ha–1 yr–1), and NP addition (150 kg N ha–1 yr–1 plus 150 kg P ha–1 yr–1). From February 2007 to October 2009, monthly quantification of soil N2O emission was performed using static chamber and gas chromatography techniques. Mean N2O emission was shown to be significantly higher in the old-growth forest (13.86 ± 0.71 μg N2O-N m–2 h–1) than in the mixed (9.86 ± 0.38 μg N2O-N m–2 h–1) or pine (10.83 ± 0.52 μg N) forests, with no significant difference between the latter two. N addition significantly increased N2O emission in the old-growth forest but not in the two younger forests. However, both P- and NP-addition had no significant effect on N2O emission in all three forests, suggesting that P addition alleviated the stimulation of N2O emission by N addition in the old-growth forest. Although P fertilization may alleviate the stimulated effects of atmospheric N deposition on N O emission in N-rich forests, we suggest future investigations to definitively assess this management strategy and the importance of P in regulating N cycles from regional to global scales.

Effects of 5-5'-Diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) and Thyroxine on the Ultrastructure and Chemical Composition of Rat Liver

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
E. A. Elfont ◽  
R. B. Tobin ◽  
D. G. Colton ◽  
M. A. Mehlman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary5,-5'-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) is an effective inhibitor of thyroxine (T4) stimulation of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in rat liver mitochondria. Because this finding indicated a possible tool for future study of the mode of action of thyroxine, the ultrastructural and biochemical effects of DPTH and/or thyroxine on rat liver mere investigated.Rats were fed either standard or DPTH (0.06%) diet for 30 days before T4 (250 ug/kg/day) was injected. Injection of T4 occurred daily for 10 days prior to sacrifice. After removal of the liver and kidneys, part of the tissue was frozen at -50°C for later biocheailcal analyses, while the rest was prefixed in buffered 3.5X glutaraldehyde (390 mOs) and post-fixed in buffered 1Z OsO4 (376 mOs). Tissues were embedded in Araldlte 502 and the sections examined in a Zeiss EM 9S.Hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats (Fig. 2) demonstrated enlarged and more numerous mitochondria than those of controls (Fig. 1). Glycogen was almost totally absent from the cytoplasm of the T4-treated rats.

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