Comparison of the effect of glutamate receptor modulators in the 6 Hz and maximal electroshock seizure models

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E Barton ◽  
Steven C Peters ◽  
Harlan E Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Receptor Modulators

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOT OF ACORUS CALAMUS IN ALBINO RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Shipra Kaushik ◽  
Kalpana Gohain
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Seizure Models

Objective: Root of Acorus calamus has been traditionally used as an anticonvulsant. The aim of the study is to assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of A. calamus (EEAC) by maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats.Methods: Albino rats were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of five rats both for MES and PTZ model. One group was used as control (normal saline 10 ml/kg), one as standard (phenytoin in MES model/diazepam in PTZ model), and three groups for the test drug (EEAC in the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). In MES model, maximal electrical shock of 150 mA was passed for 0.2 s through earlobe electrodes after 30 min of giving the drugs and normal saline. Different stages of convulsions were noted down along with time spent by the animal in each phase of convulsions. In PTZ model, PTZ was injected 30 min after giving the drugs and normal saline, and onset of action and severity of convulsions were noted. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple Dunnett’s test.Results: EEAC dose dependently reduced the duration of tonic hind limb extension in MES model, and there was increase in latency and occurrence of convulsions in PTZ model.Conclusion: EEAC has anticonvulsant activity.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOT OF ACORUS CALAMUS IN ALBINO RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Shipra Kaushik ◽  
Kalpana Gohain
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Seizure Models

Objective: Root of Acorus calamus has been traditionally used as an anticonvulsant. The aim of the study is to assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of A. calamus (EEAC) by maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats.Methods: Albino rats were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of five rats both for MES and PTZ model. One group was used as control (normal saline 10 ml/kg), one as standard (phenytoin in MES model/diazepam in PTZ model), and three groups for the test drug (EEAC in the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). In MES model, maximal electrical shock of 150 mA was passed for 0.2 s through earlobe electrodes after 30 min of giving the drugs and normal saline. Different stages of convulsions were noted down along with time spent by the animal in each phase of convulsions. In PTZ model, PTZ was injected 30 min after giving the drugs and normal saline, and onset of action and severity of convulsions were noted. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple Dunnett’s test.Results: EEAC dose dependently reduced the duration of tonic hind limb extension in MES model, and there was increase in latency and occurrence of convulsions in PTZ model.Conclusion: EEAC has anticonvulsant activity.

scholarly journals ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF CITRUS MAXIMUS LEAVES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nishanta Thakuria ◽  
Swarnamoni Das ◽  
Babul Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Citrus maximus (EECM) leaves of maximal electroshock seizure (MES) andpentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats and mice.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity was carried out by MES model and PTZ-induced clonic convulsions model; in each model, albino rats (Wistar strain)of either sex were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of 6 rats. One group was used as control (3% w/v gum acacia), one as standard(phenytoin), and three groups for the test drug of EECM leaves (doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) treatment. The reduction in time or abolition of tonicextensor phase of MES-convulsions was recorded for all the animals. In PTZ model, either delay or complete abolition of convulsions in rats treatedwith diazepam and EECM leaves was noted for all the animals.Result: EECM leaves reduced the extensor phase of convulsion in MES in a dose-dependent manner and decrease in the duration of convulsions in PTZmodel with increasing dose. Anticonvulsant activity was seen maximum at the dose of 200 mg/kg.Conclusions: Thus, from the above two seizure models of MES and PTZ, it can be concluded that EECM leaves have got an anticonvulsant effect in anincreasing dose-dependent manner.Keywords: Anticonvulsant, Citrus maximus, Maximal electroshock seizure, Pentylenetetrazol.

scholarly journals Preliminary Anticonvulsant and Toxicity Screening of Substituted Benzylidenehydrazinyl-N-(6-substituted benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)propanamides

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ruhi Ali ◽  
Nadeem Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacophore Model ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Aryl Ring ◽  
Protective Index ◽  
Seizure Models

Keeping in view the structural requirements suggested in the pharmacophore model for anticonvulsant activity, a new series of 3-(2-(substitutedbenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-N-(substituted benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-propanamides were synthesized with aromatic hydrophobic aryl ring (A), NH–C=O as hydrogen bonding domain (HBD), nitrogen atom as electron donor (D), and phenyl as distal aryl ring (C). Synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR,1H NMR,13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Preliminaryin vivoanticonvulsant screening (phase I) was performed by two most adopted seizure models, maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ). Based on anticonvulsant screening results, two compounds,5hand5p, were found to be most active; they exhibited activity comparable to standard drugs phenytoin (PHY) and carbamazepine (CBZ). These active compounds were subjected to phase II and phase III screening, where they displayed much higher protective index (PI) in comparison to the standard drugs. In phase IV screening, the bioavailability of active compounds was assessed on oral administration. Further, preliminary safety profiles of5hand5pwere evaluated by the neurotoxicity testing and liver enzyme estimation.

scholarly journals Reductions in Hydrogen Sulfide Precede Onset of Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Corneal Kindled Mouse Model of Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christi Cho ◽  
Maxwell Zeigler ◽  
Stephanie Mizuno ◽  
Richard S. Morrison ◽  
Rheem Totah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Mitochondrial Stress ◽  
Acute Seizures ◽  
Related Proteins

Epilepsy is a heterogenous neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, mitochondrial stress, and neurodegeneration. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter, promotes mitochondrial function and biogenesis, elicits neuromodulation and neuroprotection, and may acutely suppress seizures. A major gap in knowledge remains in understanding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and progressive changes in H2S levels following acute seizures and during epileptogenesis. We thus sought to quantify changes in H2S and its methylated metabolite (MeSH) via LC-MS/MS subsequent to acute maximal electroshock and 6 Hz 44 mA seizures in mice, as well as in the corneal kindled mouse model of chronic seizures. Plasma H2S was acutely reduced after a maximal electroshock seizure. H2S or MeSH levels in whole brain homogenate and expression of related genes in corneal kindled mice were not altered. However, plasma H2S and MeSH levels were significantly lower during kindling, but not after established kindling. Morever, we demonstrated a time-dependent increase in expression of mitochondrial membrane integrity-related proteins, Opa1, Mfn2, Drp1, and Mff during kindling, which did not correlate with gene expression. Taken together, short-term reductions in plasma H2S could be a novel biomarker for seizures. Future studies should further define the role of H2S and mitochondrial stress in epilepsy.

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