F115POLYGENIC RISK SCORES FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA, BIPOLAR, AND MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS PREDICT TRANSDIAGNOSTIC SYMPTOM DIMENSIONS AT FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S1172-S1173
Author(s):  
Diego Quattrone ◽  
Ulrich Reininghaus ◽  
Evangelos Vassos ◽  
Pak Sham ◽  
Laura Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders

scholarly journals Utilising symptom dimensions with diagnostic categories improves prediction of time to first remission in first-episode psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesya Ajnakina ◽  
John Lally ◽  
Marta Di Forti ◽  
Simona A. Stilo ◽  
Anna Kolliakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Remission

scholarly journals Neuroactive Steroids in First-Episode Psychosis: A Role for Progesterone?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martino Belvederi Murri ◽  
Flaminia Fanelli ◽  
Uberto Pagotto ◽  
Elena Bonora ◽  
Federico Triolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
And Gender

Neuroactive steroids may play a role in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders, but few studies examined this issue. We compared serum levels of cortisol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and progesterone between a representative sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Furthermore, we analyzed the associations between neuroactive steroids levels and the severity of psychotic symptom dimensions. Male patients had lower levels of progesterone than controls (p=0.03). Progesterone levels were inversely associated with the severity of positive symptoms (p=0.007). Consistent with preclinical findings, results suggest that progesterone might have a role in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders.

Abnormal cognitive effort allocation and its association with amotivation in first-episode psychosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (15) ◽  
pp. 2599-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Chang ◽  
A. Westbrook ◽  
G. P. Strauss ◽  
A. O. K. Chu ◽  
C. S. Y. Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Effort Allocation ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Cost Sensitivity

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal effort-based decision-making represents a potential mechanism underlying motivational deficits (amotivation) in psychotic disorders. Previous research identified effort allocation impairment in chronic schizophrenia and focused mostly on physical effort modality. No study has investigated cognitive effort allocation in first-episode psychosis (FEP).MethodCognitive effort allocation was examined in 40 FEP patients and 44 demographically-matched healthy controls, using Cognitive Effort-Discounting (COGED) paradigm which quantified participants’ willingness to expend cognitive effort in terms of explicit, continuous discounting of monetary rewards based on parametrically-varied cognitive demands (levels N of N-back task). Relationship between reward-discounting and amotivation was investigated. Group differences in reward-magnitude and effort-cost sensitivity, and differential associations of these sensitivity indices with amotivation were explored.ResultsPatients displayed significantly greater reward-discounting than controls. In particular, such discounting was most pronounced in patients with high levels of amotivation even when N-back performance and reward base amount were taken into consideration. Moreover, patients exhibited reduced reward-benefit sensitivity and effort-cost sensitivity relative to controls, and that decreased sensitivity to reward-benefit but not effort-cost was correlated with diminished motivation. Reward-discounting and sensitivity indices were generally unrelated to other symptom dimensions, antipsychotic dose and cognitive deficits.ConclusionThis study provides the first evidence of cognitive effort-based decision-making impairment in FEP, and indicates that decreased effort expenditure is associated with amotivation. Our findings further suggest that abnormal effort allocation and amotivation might primarily be related to blunted reward valuation. Prospective research is required to clarify the utility of effort-based measures in predicting amotivation and functional outcome in FEP.

Hippocampus, glucocorticoids and neurocognitive functions in patients with first-episode major depressive disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Ulusoy Kaymak ◽  
Başaran Demir ◽  
Senem Şentürk ◽  
Ilkan Tatar ◽  
M. Mustafa Aldur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders

scholarly journals The continuity of effect of schizophrenia polygenic risk score and patterns of cannabis use on transdiagnostic symptom dimensions at first-episode psychosis: findings from the EU-GEI study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Quattrone ◽  
Ulrich Reininghaus ◽  
Alex L. Richards ◽  
Giada Tripoli ◽  
Laura Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
The Eu

AbstractDiagnostic categories do not completely reflect the heterogeneous expression of psychosis. Using data from the EU-GEI study, we evaluated the impact of schizophrenia polygenic risk score (SZ-PRS) and patterns of cannabis use on the transdiagnostic expression of psychosis. We analysed first-episode psychosis patients (FEP) and controls, generating transdiagnostic dimensions of psychotic symptoms and experiences using item response bi-factor modelling. Linear regression was used to test the associations between these dimensions and SZ-PRS, as well as the combined effect of SZ-PRS and cannabis use on the dimensions of positive psychotic symptoms and experiences. We found associations between SZ-PRS and (1) both negative (B = 0.18; 95%CI 0.03–0.33) and positive (B = 0.19; 95%CI 0.03–0.35) symptom dimensions in 617 FEP patients, regardless of their categorical diagnosis; and (2) all the psychotic experience dimensions in 979 controls. We did not observe associations between SZ-PRS and the general and affective dimensions in FEP. Daily and current cannabis use were associated with the positive dimensions in FEP (B = 0.31; 95%CI 0.11–0.52) and in controls (B = 0.26; 95%CI 0.06–0.46), over and above SZ-PRS. We provide evidence that genetic liability to schizophrenia and cannabis use map onto transdiagnostic symptom dimensions, supporting the validity and utility of the dimensional representation of psychosis. In our sample, genetic liability to schizophrenia correlated with more severe psychosis presentation, and cannabis use conferred risk to positive symptomatology beyond the genetic risk. Our findings support the hypothesis that psychotic experiences in the general population have similar genetic substrates as clinical disorders.

scholarly journals Reduced Plasma Levels of α-Klotho and Their Correlation With Klotho Polymorphisms in Elderly Patients With Major Depressive Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Gao ◽  
Zuoli Sun ◽  
Guangwei Ma ◽  
Yuhong Li ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders

Background: Recent literature suggests that α-Klotho, a widely recognized anti-aging protein, is involved in longevity as well as in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, and depression. Although the Klotho gene encodes α-Klotho, a single transmembrane protein with intracellular and extracellular domains, the relationship between Klotho gene polymorphism and circulating α-Klotho levels in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is not clear.Methods: A total of 144 MDD patients and 112 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. The Klotho genetic polymorphisms (rs9536314, rs9527025, and rs9315202) and plasma α-Klotho levels were measured by PCR and ELISA, respectively. The severity of depressive symptoms was estimated using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD).Results: We found a significantly lower level of plasma α-Klotho in the MDD patients than in controls. Among them, only elderly MDD patients (first episode) showed significantly lower α-Klotho levels than the age-matched controls, while elderly recurrent and young MDD patients showed no difference in plasma α-Klotho levels from age-matched controls. The young MDD group showed a significantly earlier onset age, higher plasma α-Klotho levels, and lower HAMD scores than those in the elderly MDD group. While the plasma α-Klotho levels were higher in rs9315202 T alleles carrier regardless age or sex, the rs9315202 T allele was negatively correlated with disease severity only in the elderly MDD patients.Conclusion: The results of our study showed that only elderly MDD patients showed a decrease in plasma α-Klotho levels along with an increase in disease severity as well as an association with the number of rs9315202 T alleles, and not young MDD patients compared to age-matched controls. Our data suggest that circulating α-Klotho levels combined with Klotho genetic polymorphisms are important in elderly MDD patients, particularly carriers of the Klotho gene rs9315202 T allele.

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