Self-regulation of the Dopaminergic Reward System Via Real Time fmri Neurofeedback in Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S58-S58
Author(s):  
M. Kirschner
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Dopaminergic Dysfunction ◽  
Endogenous Regulation ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Study Participants

IntroductionAlterations in the mesolimbic dopamine system play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, little is known about potential disturbance in endogenous regulation of neural activity due to cognitive control. Recent research on real-time fMRI (rtfMRI) revealed a novel method to stimulate the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), using positive mental imagery. Importantly, this self-regulation ability could be improved with rtfMRI neurofeedback. For the first time, we applied this innovative method in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) to investigate potential alterations in endogenous regulation of the reward system.Methods14 (SZ) and 14 healthy controls (HC) were included in this ongoing study. Participants performed a rtfMRI task with abstract visual feedback of neural activity in the SN/VTA. In the active condition, we instructed participants to voluntary up-regulate SN/VTA activity by recalling rewarding scenes. Neurofeedback learning was correlated with the self-reported negative symptoms.ResultsIn contrast to HC, SZ were not able to actively self-regulate SN/VTA activity. Furthermore, they failed to improve self-regulation with rtFMRI neurofeedback. Importantly, impaired neurofeedback learning was associated with negative symptoms, in particular diminished expression.DiscussionOur preliminary results show that self-regulation of SN/VTA activity is impaired in SZ. Although neurofeedback training improves self-regulation using positive mental imagery in HC, this method might not be suitable as a potential treatment strategy in SZ. The present findings provide new insights to the to the association between negative symptoms and dopaminergic dysfunction and highlight the strengths and limitation for the use of rtfMRI neurofeedback in schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Effort-based reward task, a behavioral measure to study negative symptoms in schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S343-S344
Author(s):  
A. Arcos ◽  
D. Berge ◽  
C. Pretus ◽  
A. Pous ◽  
C. Diez-Aja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Behavioral Task ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
General Functioning ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Level Of Effort

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia, and specifically amotivation/apathy, have been correlated with impaired general functioning. Its neurobiological basis are thought to rely on an aberrant reward system. To study the association of reward deficits and negative symptoms, 25 schizophrenia patients and 35 controls underwent a new reward behavioral task. Briefly, patients had to choose a level of effort (1 to 3), each one corresponding to a progressively increasing number of required button presses and 3 different probabilities to win an economic reward. We compared the chosen effort between groups and correlated this output with the score of the Brief negative symptoms scale in the group of patients. Patients chose less effort than controls but without reaching significance level (mean patients effort: 2.49 vs controls: 2.76, P = 0.064). A negative correlation was found between BNSS score and effort chosen for the maximum reward corrected by sex (t: −0.021, P = 0.045). When the group of patients was split according to negative symptoms score, patients with more negative symptoms (BNSSS score > 23) chose significantly less effort than patients with less negative symptoms and controls (Fig. 1). Our reward task correlates well with negative symptoms. Thus, it could offer a behavioral measure of negative symptoms. It could be a good instrument to study the neurobiological basis of negative symptoms using functional techniques.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

273. Self-Regulation of the Dopaminergic Reward System via Real Time fMRI Neurofeedback in Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. S112
Author(s):  
Matthias Kirschner ◽  
Elisabeth Jehli ◽  
Philipp Stämpfli ◽  
Roman Kubli ◽  
Etna Engeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Reward System

Self-regulation of the dopaminergic reward system via real time fMRI neurofeedback: a novel treatment approach for cocaine addiction

Suchttherapie ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kirschner ◽  
P Stämpfli ◽  
M Hodel ◽  
S Hösli ◽  
E Engeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Cocaine Addiction ◽  
Novel Treatment

scholarly journals Altered Resting-State Amygdala Functional Connectivity after Real-Time fMRI Emotion Self-Regulation Training

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonglin Li ◽  
Li Tong ◽  
Min Guan ◽  
Wenjie He ◽  
Linyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Study Participants

Real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) is a promising tool for enhancing emotion regulation capability of subjects and for the potential alleviation of neuropsychiatric disorders. The amygdala is composed of structurally and functionally distinct nuclei, such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and centromedial amygdala (CMA), both of which are involved in emotion processing, generation, and regulation. However, the effect of rtfMRI-nf on the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of BLA and CMA remains to be elucidated. In our study, participants were provided with ongoing information on their emotion states by using real-time multivariate voxel pattern analysis. Results showed that participants presented significantly increased rsFC of BLA and CMA with prefrontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and some others related to emotion after rtfMRI-nf training. The findings provide important evidence for the emotion regulation effectiveness of rtfMRI-nf training and indicate its usefulness as a tool for the self-regulation of emotion.

Self-regulation of the anterior insula: Reinforcement learning using real-time fMRI neurofeedback

NeuroImage ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Lawrence ◽  
Li Su ◽  
Gareth J. Barker ◽  
Nick Medford ◽  
Jeffrey Dalton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Anterior Insula

scholarly journals Road Traffic Congestion Management Based on a Search-Allocation Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Raiyn
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Shortest Route ◽  
Road Traffic Congestion

Abstract This paper introduces a new scheme for road traffic management in smart cities, aimed at reducing road traffic congestion. The scheme is based on a combination of searching, updating, and allocation techniques (SUA). An SUA approach is proposed to reduce the processing time for forecasting the conditions of all road sections in real-time, which is typically considerable and complex. It searches for the shortest route based on historical observations, then computes travel time forecasts based on vehicular location in real-time. Using updated information, which includes travel time forecasts and accident forecasts, the vehicle is allocated the appropriate section. The novelty of the SUA scheme lies in its updating of vehicles in every time to reduce traffic congestion. Furthermore, the SUA approach supports autonomy and management by self-regulation, which recommends its use in smart cities that support internet of things (IoT) technologies.

Anti-DNA antibodies in the blood of patients with schizophrenia possess DNA-hydrolyzing activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s247-s248
Author(s):  
E. Ermakov ◽  
L. Smirnova ◽  
L. Sinyanskii ◽  
D. Dobrygina ◽  
A. Semke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dnase Activity ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Linear Forms ◽  
Dna Antibodies ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

IntroductionAutoantibodies (Abs) to different neuronal receptors and DNA were detected in the blood of patients with schizophrenia. Abs hydrolyzing DNA were detected in pool of polyclonal autoantibodies in autoimmune and infectious diseases, such catalytic Abs were named abzymes.ObjectivesTo investigate the level of anti-DNA antibodies and DNA-hydrolyzing activity of IgG from the serum of patients with schizophrenia depending on leading clinical symptoms.Aims– To measure the concentration of anti-DNA Abs in serum of patients with leading positive and negative symptoms;– to determine DNA-hydrolyzing activity of IgG.MethodsIn our study, 51 patients were included. The levels of antiDNA Abs were determined using ELISA. DNA-hydrolyzing activity was detected as the level(%) of supercoiled pBluescript DNA transition in circular and linear forms. Statistical analysis was performed in “Statistica 9.0”.ResultsAnti-DNA Abs of patients with schizophrenia not only bind DNA, but quite efficiently hydrolyze the substrate. IgG of patient with schizophrenia were shown to possess DNA hydrolyzing activity. It should be noted that DNAase activity of IgG in patients with schizophrenia with a negative symptoms was significantly higher, than in patients with positive symptoms (Table 1).ConclusionsThe data show a correlation with the level of DNase activity and leading symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Mental Rotation Meets the Motion Aftereffect: The Role of hV5/MT+ in Visual Mental Imagery

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1395-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Seurinck ◽  
Floris P. de Lange ◽  
Erik Achten ◽  
Guy Vingerhoets
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Motion Aftereffect ◽  
Mental Rotation Task ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Visual Mental Imagery

A growing number of studies show that visual mental imagery recruits the same brain areas as visual perception. Although the necessity of hV5/MT+ for motion perception has been revealed by means of TMS, its relevance for motion imagery remains unclear. We induced a direction-selective adaptation in hV5/MT+ by means of an MAE while subjects performed a mental rotation task that elicits imagined motion. We concurrently measured behavioral performance and neural activity with fMRI, enabling us to directly assess the effect of a perturbation of hV5/MT+ on other cortical areas involved in the mental rotation task. The activity in hV5/MT+ increased as more mental rotation was required, and the perturbation of hV5/MT+ affected behavioral performance as well as the neural activity in this area. Moreover, several regions in the posterior parietal cortex were also affected by this perturbation. Our results show that hV5/MT+ is required for imagined visual motion and engages in an interaction with parietal cortex during this cognitive process.

Aripiprazole once-monthly efficacy in patients with schizophrenia. Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S582-S582
Author(s):  
M.F. Molina López ◽  
M.C. Cancino Botello ◽  
A. Peña Serrano ◽  
M.D.L.A. Canseco Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Emotional Interaction ◽  
Medication Delivery ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Long Acting

Introductionlong acting injectable formulations of antipsychotics are a valuable option for patients with schizophrenia, offering continuous medication delivery and stable dosage levels. Aripiprazole once-monthly is the first dopamine partial agonist available in long acting formulation approved in Europe for Schizophrenia with excellent results so far.Aimsto conduct a current review of articles related to the use and efficacy of Aripiprazole once monthly in patients with Schizophrenia.Methodssystematic review of the literature in English using the following keywords: “aripiprazole once-monthly”, “aripiprazole long acting formulation”, “schizophrenia”. PubMed database.ResultsAripiprazole once-monthly (AOM) formulation efficacy has been proven in many studies. The importance of maintaining an oral overlap during 14 days is highlighted in all studies that have been reviewed in order to reach therapeutic level; therefore, it can be used in patients with acute decompensations. Recent studies comparing AOM versus Paliperidone Palmitate once monthly (PP) have shown that patients with AOM had greater clinical improvement and, even though both drugs were well tolerated, when Quality of Life Style Scale was analyzed an important improvement in empathy, sense of purpose, emotional interaction and curiosity in the AOM group was observed.Conclusionslong acting injectable antipsychotics increase long-term adherence treatment and reduce risk of relapse. Because of its unique mechanism of action, Aripiprazole once-monthly improves positive and negative symptoms, giving the patient an opportunity to have a better quality of life.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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