Wages, Work, and the Catholic Social Teaching

The Catholic Social Teaching is a rich and relevant source for studying contemporary problems in society. In this paper, I investigate the question about equal pay in light of the social teaching. During the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in equal pay and related concepts like universal basic income. By equal pay we mean that everyone in society receives the same remuneration regardless of the type of work, level of effort, or unemployed or not. From an economic point of view, there are large negative incentive effects with such an arrangement. The reason is that the principle of ‘equal pay for all’ breaks the relationship between the workers’ effort and the payment associated with the effort. Furthermore, neo-classical economics would argue that there is no incentive to work if there is no financial payoff compared to not working. Also from a Catholic social teaching viewpoint, there is no support for an ‘equal pay for all’ arrangement. However, the social teaching sheds important light on the meaning of work and the right to a living wage.

Attitude of Panchayat Leaders towards Panchayati Raj Institutions as Influenced by their Socio Personal Characteristics

Attitude is “a mental and neural state of readiness, organised through experience, and exerting a directive or dynamic influence upon the individual’s response to all objects and situations with which it is related”. While attitudes are basically learned over the years, some inherited characteristics do affect such attitudes. Our personal experiences with people and situations develop our attitude towards such persons and situations. During the implementation of the panchayati raj system Chhattisgarh has faced several opportunities and difficulties. The institutionalising panchayati raj. What, then, are the circumstances under which panchayat can improve the work effectiveness of their members through influences on individual choices about the level of effort and about strategy? The interview schedule was used as a tool for collecting the raw information from the panchayat leaders. In all 263 respondents from 9 janpads were interviewed personally to obtain the requisite data. It was found that majority of the janpad and jila panchayat leaders (58.73%) had moderately favourable attitude towards panchayati raj institutions. Majority of the janpad and jila panchayat leaders were middle-aged, belonged to other backward classes, most of them were educated up to higher secondary, they belonged to large size families with more than five members each and most of them had membership in one or more social organizations signifying high social participation.

A bench-to-bedside study about trigger asynchronies induced by the introduction of external gas into the non-invasive mechanical ventilation circuit

Treatments that require the introduction of external gas into the non-invasive ventilation (NIV) circuit, such as aerosol and oxygen therapy, may influence the performance of the ventilator trigger system. The aim of the study was to determine the presence and type of asynchronies induced by external gas in the NIV circuit in a bench model and in a group of patients undergoing chronic NIV. Bench study: Four ventilators (one with two different trigger design types) and three gas sources (continuous flow at 4 and 9 l/min and pulsatile flow at 9 l/min) were selected in an active simulator model. The sensitivity of the trigger, the gas introduction position, the ventilatory pattern and the level of effort were also modified. The same ventilators and gas conditions were used in patients undergoing chronic NIV. Bench: the introduction of external gas caused asynchronies in 35.9% of cases (autotriggering 73%, ineffective effort 27%). Significant differences (p < 0.01) were detected according to the ventilator model and the gas source. In seven patients, the introduction of external gas induced asynchrony in 20.4% of situations (77% autotriggering). As in the bench study, there were differences in the occurrence of asynchronies depending on the ventilator model and gas source used. The introduction of external gas produces alterations in the ventilator trigger. These alterations are variable, and depend on the ventilator design and gas source. This phenomenon makes it advisable to monitor the patient at the start of treatment.

Mindset Theory and School Psychology

Mindset theory is an achievement motivation theory that centers on the concept of the malleability of abilities. According to mindset theory, students tend to have either a growth mindset or a fixed mindset about their intelligence; students with a growth mindset tend to believe that intelligence is malleable, whereas students with fixed mindsets tend to believe that intelligence is unchangeable. As described in many empirical and theoretical papers, the mindset a student holds can influence important psychological and behavioral factors, including reaction to failure, persistence and level of effort, and expectations of success, which ultimately impact academic achievement. Importantly, mindsets can be changed, and interventions have been developed to promote a more growth mindset. A growth mindset allows students to view challenges as an opportunity for improvement, is linked to enjoyment of learning, and increases motivation in school. School psychologists are often working with students with learning differences and/or mental health concerns who are particularly at-risk for poor academic achievement, and researchers have demonstrated the important impact a growth mindset can have for these vulnerable students. School psychologists are well-positioned to incorporate mindset theory into the school environment in order to best support the students they serve. In this paper we provide a theoretical overview of mindset theory and mindset interventions, and specifically review the literature on mindset theory for individuals with learning disabilities and mental health challenges. We discuss how school psychologists can incorporate mindset theory into their practice to support the shift from a fixed to a growth mindset for all students.

Editorial

Discourses of a global pandemic threat have marked 2020 and 2021. In the process, inequalities and increasing social fragmentation in health, technology, education and employment have deepened. Global risks and uncertainties have been part of the agenda for two years. Ironically not the acceleration of mobility, but extreme restrictions by national and international bodies over population movements have been apparent and linked to biosecurity concerns. Thus, biosecurity and spread of viruses have become some key topics for discussing human mobility practices and strategies. Dealing with security issues with risks and uncertainties can be likened to walking through a maze that dynamically changes depending on the level of effort.

Investment and Decapitalization in the Fishing Industry: The Case of the Spanish Crustacean Freezer Trawler Fleet

The objective of this work is to estimate the capital stock invested in the Spanish freezer trawler fleet dedicated to the capture of crustaceans on the African coast, for the period from 1964 to 2019. The importance of having methods for the correct measurement of the capital invested in a fishing fleet is to be able to express in monetary terms the excess catch capacity, which is a signal of overexploitation of a fishery, that is, the fleet operates at a level of effort or capacity higher than the minimum amount required to capture the desired quantity at the lowest possible cost. Following a methodology based on the permanent inventory method, we obtained a model that explains the construction value of a fishing vessel as a function of its technical characteristics. The market value in successive sales was estimated as a function of the construction value, the age of vessel and other variables. In this way, we estimated the value that the market assigns to the possible increases in individual fishing capacity and the decrease in value derived from the technical obsolescence of the vessels. Finally, we calculated the gross and net investment series and net capital stock.

PDF: The "P" Stands for Problematic

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is one of the most common document file types in academia, both in the library and the classroom. Unfortunately, PDF poses unique barriers to accessibility, particularly for the visually impaired. Ensuring that all people can read PDF content can be complex and expensive. There are alternative formats that can be made accessible with a lower level of effort, providing a better experience for both the end reader and the document author. This article serves as a call to arms for higher education to migrate away from PDF and to urge the tech community to develop new file formats that lend themselves to enhanced accessibility on a limited budget.

PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA PEGAWAI LEMBAGA PEMBINAAN KHUSUS ANAK (LPKA) KLAS IIA AMBON DALAM PERSPEKTIF KRISTIANI

Abstrak Motivasi kerja dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu dorongan secara psikologis kepada seseorang yang menentukan arah dari perilaku (direction of behavior) seseorang dalam organisasi, tingkat usaha (level of effort), dan tingkat kegigihan atau ketahanan di dalam menghadapi suatu halangan atau masalah (level of persistence). Jadi motivasi kerja dapat diartikan sebagai semangat kerja yang ada pada karyawan yang membuat karyawan tersebut dapat bekerja untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu. Sesuai dengan tingkatan motivasi manusia yang dikemukakan maka upah atau gaji termasuk pada kebutuhan dasar. Good Watson memberikan komentar : bahwasannya dengan memberikan gaji yang cukup tinggi belum tentu menjamin adanya kepuasan kerja bagi karyawan. Jadi gaji atau upah bukanlah satu-satunya faktor yang dapat menimbulkan kepuasan bagi seseorang. Dalam perspektif kristiani kerja adalah suatu fakta alkitabiah bahwa kata ‘kerja’ pertama kali muncul dikenakan pada identitas Allah, pada diri Allah dan bukan diri manusia (Kejadian. 2:2: “Ketika Allah pada hari ketujuh telah menyelesaikan pekerjaan yang dibuat-Nya itu, berhentilah Ia pada hari ketujuh dari segala pekerjaan yang telah dibuat- Nya itu”). Dengan kata lain, kerja adalah salah satu hakekat Allah. Ketika manusia bekerja, sesungguhnya itu adalah bagian dari gambar dan rupa Allah yang ia miliki (Kejadian 1:26, 27). Binatang dan mahluk-mahluk lain tidak bekerja. Kerja bukanlah kutukan Taman Eden. Dengan demikian, ketika kita bekerja, kita menjalankan hakekat kita sebagai manusia. Hakekat manusia yang merupakan turunan dari hakekat Allah. Manusia yang tidak bekerja telah kehilangan hakekatnya sebagai manusia. Manusia yang lebih menyukai bermalas-malasan juga telah kehilangan hakekatnya sebagai manusia. Dengan demikian, kerja yang adalah hakekat yang diberikan Allah kepada manusia hendaknya menjadi motivasi kerja kepada setiap umat-Nya.

Tele-Rehabilitation Versus Local Rehabilitation Therapies Assisted by Robotic Devices: A Pilot Study with Patients

The present study aims to evaluate the advantages of a master-slave robotic rehabilitation therapy in which the patient is assisted in real-time by a therapist. We have also explored if this type of strategy is applicable in a tele-rehabilitation environment. A pilot study has been carried out involving 10 patients who have performed a point-to-point rehabilitation exercise supported by three assistance modalities: fixed assistance (without therapist interaction), local therapist assistance, and remote therapist assistance in a simulated tele-rehabiliation scenario. The rehabilitation exercise will be performed using an upper-limb rehabilitation robotic device that assists the patients through force fields. The results suggest that the assistance provided by the therapist is better adapted to patient needs than fixed assistance mode. Therefore, it maximizes the patient’s level of effort, which is an important aspect to improve the rehabilitation outcomes. We have also seen that in a tele-rehabilitation environment it is more difficult to assess when to assist the patient than locally. However, the assistance suits patients better than the fixed assistance mode.

Trigger Asynchronies Induced by the Introduction of External Gas Into the Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Circuit: A Bench-to-Bedside Study

Background and objective: Treatments that require the introduction of external gas into the non-invasive ventilation (NIV) circuit, such as aerosol and oxygen therapy, may influence the performance of the ventilator trigger system. The aim of the study was to determine the presence and type of asynchronies induced by external gas in the NIV circuit in a bench model and in a group of patients undergoing chronic NIV.Methods: Bench study: Four ventilators (one with two different trigger design types) and three gas sources (continuous flow at 4 and 9 l/min and pulsatile flow at 9 l/min) were selected in an active simulator model. The sensitivity of the trigger, the gas introduction position, the ventilatory pattern and the level of effort were also modified.Clinical study: The same ventilators and gas conditions were used in patients undergoing chronic NIV.Results: Bench: The introduction of external gas caused asynchronies in 35.9% of cases (autotriggering 73%, ineffective effort 27%). Significant differences (p<0.01) were detected according to the ventilator model and the gas source.Clinical study: In seven patients, the introduction of external gas induced asynchrony in 20.4% of situations (77% autotriggering). As in the bench study, there were differences in the occurrence of asynchronies depending on the ventilator model and gas source used.Conclusion: The introduction of external gas produces alterations in the ventilator trigger. These alterations are variable, and depend on the ventilator design and gas source. This phenomenon makes it advisable to monitor the patient at the start of treatment.